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1、萊特兄弟—WrightBrothers1.WrightBrothers-BirdsofaFeatherTheWrightBrothersspentagreatdealoftimeobservingbirdsinflight.Theynoticedthatbirdssoaredintothewindandthattheairflowingoverthecurvedsurfaceoftheirwingscreatedlift.Birdschangetheshapeoftheirwingstoturnand
2、maneuver.Theybelievedthattheycouldusethistechniquetoobtainrollcontrolbywarping,orchangingtheshape,ofaportionofthewing.萊特兄弟-鳥類的羽毛 賴特兄弟花了大量時間觀察飛行中的鳥類。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),鳥類騰空風和,空氣以上的翅膀曲面流動創(chuàng)造電梯。鳥類改變它們的翅膀形狀的轉身動作。他們認為,他們可以利用這種技術來獲取變形或改變一個形狀的機翼部分,滾轉控制。2.In1899,afterWilburWr
3、ighthadwrittenaletterofrequesttotheSmithsonianInstitutionforinformationaboutflightexperiments,theWrightBrothersdesignedtheirfirstaircraft:asmall,biplanegliderflownasakitetotesttheirsolutionforcontrollingthecraftbywingwarping.Wingwarpingisamethodofarchin
4、gthewingtipsslightlytocontroltheaircraft'srollingmotionandbalance.1899年,萊特兄弟后寫了有關飛行試驗資料的請求書的史密森研究院,萊特兄弟設計了第一架飛機:小,雙翼飛機滑翔風箏,以測試為控制由機翼翹曲飛行船他們的解決方案。機翼翹曲是一個拱形的翼尖稍微控 制飛機的搖擺運動和平衡的方法。3.WrightBrothers-GlidersOverthenextthreeyears,WilburandhisbrotherOrvillewould
5、designaseriesofgliderswhichwouldbeflowninbothunmanned(askites)andpilotedflights.TheyreadabouttheworksofCayley,andLangley,andthehang-glidingflightsofOttoLilienthal.TheycorrespondedwithOctaveChanuteconcerningsomeoftheirideas.Theyrecognizedthatcontrolofthe
6、flyingaircraftwouldbethemostcrucialandhardestproblemtosolve.萊特兄弟-滑翔機在未來三年內,他的兄弟威爾伯和奧維爾將設計出這將是在這兩個無人(如風箏)和航班的飛行駕駛滑翔機系列。他們閱讀有關的凱萊,和Langley的作品,和懸掛式滑翔奧托利林塔爾航班。他們對應的八度夏奴特關于他們的一些想法。他們認識到,控制飛行的飛機將是最關鍵,最難解決的問題。4.Followingasuccessfulglidertest,theWrightsbuiltand
7、testeda full-sizeglider.TheyselectedKittyHawk,NorthCarolinaastheirtestsitebecauseofitswind,sand,hillyterrainandremotelocation.滑翔機試驗成功后,萊特兄弟制造和測試的全尺寸滑翔機。他們選擇他們的,因為它的風,沙,丘陵地形和位置偏遠小鷹試驗場,北卡羅萊納州。5.In1900,theWrightssuccessfullytestedtheirnew50-poundbiplanegli
8、derwithits17-footwingspanandwing-warpingmechanismatKittyHawk,inbothunmannedandpilotedflights. Infact,itwasthefirstpilotedglider.Basedupontheresults,theWrightBrothersplannedtorefinethecontrolsandlandinggear,andbuildabiggerglider.1