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1、如何掌握好定語(yǔ)從句(一)???定語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。所謂定語(yǔ)從句,就是一種由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句形式的后置修飾語(yǔ),用來(lái)修飾被限定的詞——先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,其作用是代替先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某一句子成分。常用的關(guān)系代詞有who/whom(指人),whose(指人或物),which(指物),that(指人或物),as(指人或物);關(guān)系副詞有when(指時(shí)間),where(指地點(diǎn)),why(指原因)。要掌握好定語(yǔ)從句,首先要掌握好定語(yǔ)從句的詞序和關(guān)系代詞的選擇。I.定語(yǔ)從句的詞序根據(jù)關(guān)
2、系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞?,定語(yǔ)從句的詞序有以下幾種:一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句有以下七種常見(jiàn)詞序。1.關(guān)系代詞+謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞主要有who,that,which,as。如:1)Aqiaotoldherfatherallthathadhappened.2)Onthegroundlayanoldsickgoat,whichhadgoneintothecavetodie.3)Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.4)Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.5)
3、Hedoesnothavesuchamindasisnecessarytoascientist.2.關(guān)系代詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常用的關(guān)系代詞是whose,有時(shí)也用which。如:1)WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.2)Engels,whosenativelanguagewasGerman,couldreadandwriteinseveralforeignlanguages.3)Thehousewhoseroofwasbrokenhasnowbeenrepaired.這
4、種詞序的定語(yǔ)從句,如果whose指具體事物或抽象概念時(shí),可用ofwhich代替,但不如whose普通,ofwhich可置于其所修飾的名詞前或后。如:?Thatisabook,(whosecover/thecoverofwhichisblue./ofwhichthecover)3.關(guān)系代詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。若為限制性定語(yǔ)從句,作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞在非正式文體中省略。常用的關(guān)系代詞有who(m),that,which,as。如:1)Payattentiontoeverything(that)Ido.2)Thisisthebook(w
5、hich)heislookingfor.3)Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.4)Heisn'ttheman(that)heusedtobe.5)Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.4.關(guān)系代詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常用的關(guān)系代詞是whose,有時(shí)也用which。如:1)That'stheboywhosedrawingwewerelookingatjustnow.2)TherearesomestudentswhosequestionsIca
6、n'tanswer.3)Thebookwhosecovermybrothertoreoffisnotmine.4)Itoldhimtoseethedoctor,whichadvicehetook.如果whose指具體事物或抽象概念時(shí),可用ofwhich代替,但不如whose普通。ofwhich可置于其所修飾的名詞前或后。如:Infrontofthevillagethereisariverwhosename/thenameofwhich/ofwhichthenameIhaveforgotten.5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞賓語(yǔ),介
7、詞可以是簡(jiǎn)單介詞,也可以是復(fù)雜介詞。關(guān)系代詞有which,whom。如:1)Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.2)Thesewormsthenweavesilkcocoonsaroundthemselves,insidewhichtheychangefromthatwormstoants.3)WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4)ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowisourschoolmaster.5)
8、Heworksinthemiddleschool,infronto