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1、AmericanPeopleTheUSCensusBureauPopulation(2010)30.8million2004whitepeople78%theminorities22%2010whitepeople65%AsianAmerican5%2042whitepeoplewouldbetheminorities13%Blacks12%Hispanics4%AsianTherestWhiteAmericansItisthethirdmostpopulouscountryintheworldafterChinaandIndia.Them
2、ostpopulousstatesareCalifornia,Texas,NewYork,FloridaandIllinois.TheUniqueAmericancharacterWillingnesstotakerisksEarlyimmigrantsbravedtheviolentAtlanticOceanRevolutionaryfightersduringtheIndependenceWarCowboysandfrontiersmenpioneeringintheFarWest.Religiousandracialtoleratio
3、n,readinesstolearnImmigrantsofdifferentbackgroundsNewlanguage,newsocialcustoms,newwaysofmakingalivingTheIndiansColumbuslandedintheNewWorldin1492.ThenativesIndiansNoreliablefiguresexistonthesizeoftheIndianpopulationin1492.ArchaeologistsbelievethattheforefathersoftheIndiansw
4、erefromAsian.Morethan27000yearsago,archaeologistssay,somehunterscrossedtheBeringStrait(白令海峽),about50mileswide,fromAsiatoAmerica.ChineseExclusionAct(1882)1882(光緒八年)ChineseExclusionAct一、10年內(nèi)禁止華工進(jìn)入美國(guó);二、非勞工的華人入境,須持有經(jīng)美國(guó)駐華領(lǐng)事查驗(yàn)和簽名蓋章的英文護(hù)照。但美國(guó)稅關(guān)人員有權(quán)在海關(guān)檢查并拒絕持證者入境;三、不準(zhǔn)中國(guó)人取得美國(guó)國(guó)籍;四、非法入
5、境的中國(guó)人驅(qū)逐出境。ChineseExclusionAct(1882)該法案創(chuàng)造了兩項(xiàng)美國(guó)紀(jì)錄:第一次立法禁止一個(gè)種族進(jìn)入美國(guó),第一次立法排斥一個(gè)種族加入美國(guó)國(guó)籍。這個(gè)人成為不能向美國(guó)自由移民的唯一民族。1902年,美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)法案,再度將《排華法案》延長(zhǎng)10年。1904年的一項(xiàng)法案干脆將《排華法案》無(wú)限期延長(zhǎng)。二戰(zhàn)時(shí),中國(guó)成為美國(guó)的盟國(guó),《排華法案》的存在已不合時(shí)宜。1943年(61年后),美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)廢除了《排華法案》。PrioritySystemTheUnitedStatesnowrestrictsthenumberoflegalimmi
6、grants.Themaximumannualnumberforonecountryis20000.Permitsaregrantedaccordingtotheprioritysystem.ThemostfavoredapplicantsaretheunmarriedchildrenofAmericancitizens.Secondinlinearespousesandunmarriedchildrenofresidentaliens(immigrantswithgreencards).Furtherbackinlinearepeople
7、withspecialskills,suchasmedicaldoctorsandnurses.RefugeeActAccept“refugees”RefugeesfromHungaryafterapopularuprisinginthatcountryin1956OnemillionrefugeesfromCubain1959(CubanRevolution)OnemillionrefugeesfromSoutheastAsiain1975(afterVietnamWar)(1975Indo-chinaMigrationandRefuge
8、eAct)(印度支那三國(guó):越南、老撾和柬埔寨)ImmigrationandNaturalizationService(移民歸化署)inchargeoftheimmigration