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1、碌石覆蓋固沙措施水土保持作用研究一一以庫布齊沙漠北緣為例腿細麵中國科學院西北生態(tài)環(huán)境資源研宄院敦煌戈壁荒漠研宄站億利資源集團摘要:庫布齊沙漠發(fā)展沙產業(yè),風沙防護是必要舉措。通過風洞試驗與野外觀測探討了礫石覆蓋固沙措施的風沙防護效益及其對土壤溫濕度的影響,旨在為礫石覆蓋在庫布齊沙漠防風固沙中的應用提供科學依據。研宄表明:3cm粒徑礫石床面具有顯著的防風固沙效應ilO^m/s試驗風速下,10%90%覆蓋度礫石床面風蝕防護效應介于49.4%100%,其中,50%覆蓋度礫石床而空氣動力學粗糙度達到最大值,風蝕防護效應在96%以上,已達到理想的防風固
2、沙效果。鑒于庫布齊沙漠風況特征,從工程防護角度講,40%覆蓋度礫石覆蓋固沙措施能夠達到防風蝕的目的,風蝕防護效應在93%以上,iL能起到白天降溫、夜間保溫的作用,減少極端氣溫對作物的傷害,還能提高土壤含水量。本研究可為礫石覆蓋固沙措施在干旱區(qū)風蝕防護中的應用提供借鑒作用。關鍵詞:礫石覆蓋;風蝕;土壤溫濕度;庫布齊沙漠;作者簡介:譚立海(1985一),男,山東臨朐人,博士,助理研究員,主要從事風沙物理與風沙工程學研宄。E-mail:tanlihail8@163.com收稿日期:2016-12-07基金:國家科技支撐計劃項目(2015BAC06
3、B01-02)EffectofGravelMulchonSoilandWaterConversationACaseStudyintheNorthernEdgeofHobqDesertTANLihaiZHANGWeiminBIlKaiGAOYangZHONGShuaiDunhuangGobiDesertResearchStation,NorthwestInstituteofEco-EnvironmentandResources,ChineseAcademyofSciences;ElianResourcesGroup;Abstract:Thec
4、ontrolofwinderosioniscrucialtothedevelopmentofdcserticultureintheIlobqDesert.Thisstudydiscussedtheprotectiveeffectofgravelmulchagainstwinderosionaswellasitsinfluenceonsoiltemperatureandhumiditythroughwindtunnelexperimentsandfieldobservation,aimingtoprovidethescientificbasi
5、sfortheapplicationofgravelmulchtowinderosioncontrolintheHobqDesert.Theresultsshowthatgravelbedscomposedofgravelsin3cmdiameterhavesignificanteffectofwind-reducinganderosioncontrol,andtheinhibitionratioofwinderosionranges49.4%'00%.Underexperimentalwindspeedsof10to16m/sandasg
6、ravelcoveragereaching50%,gravelbedsareaerodynamicallystabi1e,andtheinhibitionratioofwinderosionismorethan96%.Tnacolianengineering,gravelmulchincoverageof40%,withawinderosioninhibitionratioofmorethan93%,canachievethepurposeofpreventingwinderosionintheHobqDesert.Meantime,itc
7、anplayaroleofcoolingindaytimeandpreservingheatatnight,thusreducingthedamageofextremetemperaturetocropsandalsoimprovingsoilmoisturecontent.Thisstudycanprovidereferencefortheapplicationofgravelmulchtowinderosionprotectionintheotheraridareas.Keyword:gravelmulch;winderosion;so
8、iltemperatureandmoisture;HobqDesert;Received:2016-12-07庫布齊沙漠是屮國第七大沙漠,地處屮國北方農牧交錯帶,是屮國北方重要的