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1、AmericanPeopleTheUSCensusBureauPopulation(2010)30.8million2004whitepeople78%theminorities22%2010whitepeople65%AsianAmerican5%2042whitepeoplewouldbetheminorities13%Blacks12%Hispanics4%AsianTherestWhiteAmericansItisthethirdmostpopulouscountryintheworldafterChina
2、andIndia.ThemostpopulousstatesareCalifornia,Texas,NewYork,FloridaandIllinois.TheUniqueAmericancharacterWillingnesstotakerisksEarlyimmigrantsbravedtheviolentAtlanticOceanRevolutionaryfightersduringtheIndependenceWarCowboysandfrontiersmenpioneeringintheFarWest.R
3、eligiousandracialtoleration,readinesstolearnImmigrantsofdifferentbackgroundsNewlanguage,newsocialcustoms,newwaysofmakingalivingTheIndiansColumbuslandedintheNewWorldin1492.ThenativesIndiansNoreliablefiguresexistonthesizeoftheIndianpopulationin1492.Archaeologist
4、sbelievethattheforefathersoftheIndianswerefromAsian.Morethan27000yearsago,archaeologistssay,somehunterscrossedtheBeringStrait(白令海峽),about50mileswide,fromAsiatoAmerica.ChineseExclusionAct(1882)1882(光緒八年)ChineseExclusionAct一、10年內禁止華工進入美國;二、非勞工的華人入境,須持有經美國駐華領事查驗和
5、簽名蓋章的英文護照。但美國稅關人員有權在海關檢查并拒絕持證者入境;三、不準中國人取得美國國籍;四、非法入境的中國人驅逐出境。ChineseExclusionAct(1882)該法案創(chuàng)造了兩項美國紀錄:第一次立法禁止一個種族進入美國,第一次立法排斥一個種族加入美國國籍。這個人成為不能向美國自由移民的唯一民族。1902年,美國國會通過法案,再度將《排華法案》延長10年。1904年的一項法案干脆將《排華法案》無限期延長。二戰(zhàn)時,中國成為美國的盟國,《排華法案》的存在已不合時宜。1943年(61年后),美國國會廢除了《排華
6、法案》。PrioritySystemTheUnitedStatesnowrestrictsthenumberoflegalimmigrants.Themaximumannualnumberforonecountryis20000.Permitsaregrantedaccordingtotheprioritysystem.ThemostfavoredapplicantsaretheunmarriedchildrenofAmericancitizens.Secondinlinearespousesandunmarrie
7、dchildrenofresidentaliens(immigrantswithgreencards).Furtherbackinlinearepeoplewithspecialskills,suchasmedicaldoctorsandnurses.RefugeeActAccept“refugees”RefugeesfromHungaryafterapopularuprisinginthatcountryin1956OnemillionrefugeesfromCubain1959(CubanRevolution)
8、OnemillionrefugeesfromSoutheastAsiain1975(afterVietnamWar)(1975Indo-chinaMigrationandRefugeeAct)(印度支那三國:越南、老撾和柬埔寨)ImmigrationandNaturalizationService(移民歸化署)inchargeoftheimmigration