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1、SIMPLEFORMALLOGICwithCommon-SenseSymbolicTechniquesArnoldvanderNatLoyolaUniversityChicagoFirstpublished2010byRoutledge270MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016SimultaneouslypublishedintheUKbyRoutledge2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RNRoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&Francis
2、Group,aninformabusinessThiseditionpublishedintheTaylor&Francise-Library,2009.TopurchaseyourowncopyofthisoranyofTaylor&FrancisorRoutledge’scollectionofthousandsofeBookspleasegotowww.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.?2010Taylor&FrancisAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedor
3、reproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.TrademarkNotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademark
4、sorregisteredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidenti?cationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe.LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataVanderNat,Arnold.Simpleformallogic:withcommn-sensesymbolictechniques/ArnoldvanderNat.p.cm.Includesindex.1.Logic.I.Title.BC71.V362009160–d
5、c222009001506ISBN0-203-87452-8Mastere-bookISBNISBN10:0–415–99745–3(hbk)ISBN13:978–0–415–99745–4(hbk)CONTENTSPrefaceixCHAPTER1BASICLOGICALCONCEPTS11.1Introduction11.2Arguments81.3EvaluatingArguments211.4Classi?cationofSentences271.5Proofs,InconclusiveandErroneousArguments36
6、1.6DeductiveandInductiveValidity44CHAPTER2PROPOSITIONALLOGIC522.1IntroductiontoPropositionalLogic522.2DetailsaboutNegations612.3DetailsaboutConditionalSentences69ReferenceSheetforConditionalSentences762.4DeterminingtheTruth-ValueofSentences802.5Truth-TablestoTesttheValidit
7、yofArguments852.6Truth-TableTestsforOtherLogicalConcerns932.7PresentationoftheRulesofDeduction103ReferenceSheetforthePropositionalRulesofDeduction1132.8MakingDeductionsforArguments1162.9StrategyinDeductions125TwentySampleDeductions131MoreAdvancedTopicsinPropositionalLogic1
8、352.10TheRulesofConditionalProofandIndirectProof1352.11FurtherUsesofDeductions141viConten
