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1、介詞和介詞短語介詞和介詞短語Ⅰ.介詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu)Ⅱ.介詞短語的功能Ⅲ.介詞、連接詞和副詞Ⅳ.簡(jiǎn)單介詞和復(fù)雜介詞Ⅴ.介詞的含義(重點(diǎn))Ⅰ.介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu):(前置修飾語+)介詞+介詞補(bǔ)足語onthetablefromwhathesaidbysigningapeacetreatyintermsofmoneyHeworkeddeepintothenightlastnight.Ⅱ.介詞短語的功能1.作名詞短語的后置修飾語Thepeopleonthebusweresinging.2.狀語Thepeopleweresingingonthebus.Intheafternoon
2、,wewenttoBoston.Fromapersonalpointofview,Ifindthisagoodsolutiontotheproblem.Inallfairness,shedidtrytophonethepolice.Ontheotherhand,hemadenoattempttohelpher.3.作動(dòng)詞和形容詞的補(bǔ)足成分Wewerelookingathisawfulpaintings.I’msorryforhisparents.說明:①介詞短語有時(shí)候可以做主語A:Whenarewegoingtohavethenextmeeting?B:O
3、nTuesdaywillbefine.InMarchsuitsme.DuringthevacationiswhatwedecidedBetween6and7maybeconvenient.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖溯斎肽臉?biāo)題(Theproposalthatwemeet)onTuesday…(Tomeet)inMarch…(Meeting)duringthevacation…②作補(bǔ)語(表語)用的準(zhǔn)形容詞功能Thismachineis(very)outofdate.Thisdressseemsoutoffashion.因此可以與形容詞短語并列或同位Theyarehappyand
4、ingoodhealth.anoldandoutofdatetelephone作其他連系動(dòng)詞的補(bǔ)語Theyseemingoodhealth.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖溯斎肽臉?biāo)題③在特殊的情形中(主要在固定短語中),副詞或形容詞可以發(fā)揮介詞補(bǔ)足語的功能。atlast,atleast,atonce,atworst,beforelong,byfar,inbrief,inthere,sincewhen,untilnow….④介詞短語本身可以作介詞的補(bǔ)足語,所以兩個(gè)介詞可以連續(xù)出現(xiàn)Hepickedupthegunfromunderthetable.Wedidn’tmeetuntila
5、ftertheshow.Theweatherhasbeenfineexceptinthenorth.Foodhasbeenscarcesincebeforethewar.⑤介詞作動(dòng)詞和形容詞的補(bǔ)足語時(shí),它和前面的詞(如look,sorry)的關(guān)系比它和后面的補(bǔ)足語關(guān)系更密切,介詞的選擇是由它前面的詞決定的。Ⅲ.介詞、從屬連詞和副詞1.介詞和連詞都具有關(guān)聯(lián)或連接功能,比較:thedaywhenshearrivedofherarrival注:①辨別兩種詞類的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是:介詞引導(dǎo)的是名詞性或名詞化補(bǔ)足語,而與之相對(duì)的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從屬分句(從句)。②在某些情況
6、下,同一詞項(xiàng)既可以作介詞又可以作連詞,如after,as,before,since,until.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖溯斎肽臉?biāo)題③如果是非謂語動(dòng)詞,情況就比較復(fù)雜,因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z中-ing分句可以用在介詞的后面。Onarrivingshetookataxi.④思考下列三個(gè)詞是什么詞性:when,after,by?2.介詞和副詞Shelookedupthehill.(1)Shewalkedacrossthestreet.(2)Shelookeduptheword.(3)Shewalkedacross.(4)①在下列句子中,介詞和副詞的區(qū)別并不明顯:Heisneartobein
7、gmad.Thisseemsnexttoimpossible.Closeto200peoplecame.Sheisfarfrombeingweak.②簡(jiǎn)單介詞near和復(fù)雜介詞nearto和closeto:nearto和closeto與形容詞有同源關(guān)系,他們是僅有的既有比較級(jí)又可加強(qiáng)調(diào)成分的介詞:Shesatveryneartoquiteclosetomuchnearertome.muchclosertonexttoclosestto③Sheisaboutforty.Sheis(about)forty.Sheisaboutroughlyforty.appr
8、oximately3.注意介詞位置(1)Hastheroombee