hydrolysis - sd67：水解- sd

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1、Chemistry12Chapter4–Acids,Bases,SaltsSec4.13–Hydrolysis(notes)-Reactionbetweenasalt(ionorionsinasalt)andwatertoproduceanacidicorbasicsolution.-Netionicequationsforhydrolysis:Anion+wateràamoleculeorion+H3O+orOH-SPECTATORS-ionswhichdoNOThydrolyze(needperiodict

2、ableandacidtabletofindthese)SpectatorCationsGroup1(AlkaliMetalions)eg.Li+,Na+,K+,Rb+,Cs+,Fr+Group2(AlkalineEarthions)eg.Be+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Ba2+,Sr2+,Ra2+SpectatorAnions(lookonacidtable)Conjugatebasesofstrongacids.-Top5ionsontherightsideoftable.-ClO4-I-Br-Cl-NO3

3、-(HSO4-isnotaspectator–itisamphiprotic–willbedealtwithlater)-spectatorsareeliminatedinnetionicequationsforhydrolysis!Process–ifgivensalt(dissociateàeliminateàevaluate)1.Writedissociationequation2.Eliminatespectators3.Remainingionsàleftsideoftable–undergoacid

4、hydrolysisis–produceH3O+àrightsideoftable–undergobasehydrolysis–produceOH-àamphiprotic–determineKaandKbtofinddominanthydrolysis.Examples:1.IsthesaltNaFacidic,basicorneutralinwater?Dissociation:NaFàNa++F-Spectator(alkalication)Foundonrightsideofacidtable-for

5、msaweakbase.---soNaFisbasic---2.IsthesaltNH4NO3acidic,basicorneutralinaqueoussolution?Dissociation:NH4NO3àNH4++NO3-Spectatortop5onrightsideoftableFoundonleftsideoftable–formsaweakacid-soNH4NO3isacidic.Chemistry12Chapter4–Acids,Bases,Salts1.IsthesaltKClacid

6、ic,basicorneutral?Dissociation:KClàK++Cl----sinceneitherionundergoeshydrolysis,thissaltisNEUTRAL.2.CationsWhichHydrolyze-Hydratedcationsi.metalsfromcenteroftheperiodictable(transitionmetals)aresmallerionsandhavelargercharges-thisattractsH2Omoleculeseg.)Fe3+H

7、ydration:Fe3++6H2OàFe(H2O)63+Thisionactsasaweakacid(seeit~13thdownontheacidtable.)Theequationforthehydrolysisis:Fe(H2O)63+(aq)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+(aq)3CommonHydratedcations(onleftofacidchart):iron(III)Fe3+formsFe(H2O)63+Chromium(III)Cr3+formsCr(H2

8、O)63+Actasweakacids.AluminumAl3+formsAl(H2O)63+Eg.)AlCl3isthesameasAl(H2O)6Cl3NH4+Hydrolysisequation:NH4+(aq)+H2O(l)DH3O+(aq)+NH3(aq)5.AnionswhichHydrolyzeLookingontheRIGHTsideoftheACIDTABLE:·Re