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1、THEMYSTERYOFECONOMICGROWTHTHEMYSTERYOFECONOMICGROWTHELHANANHELPMANthebelknappressofharvarduniversitypressCambridge,Massachusetts,andLondon,England2004Copyright?2004bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDat
2、aHelpman,Elhanan.Themysteryofeconomicgrowth/ElhananHelpman.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-674-01572-X(alk.paper)1.Economicdevelopment.2.Savingandinvestment.3.Production(Economictheory)I.Title.HD82.H4352004338.9dc222004042217ToLimorandLiatwhosemiraculousgrowinguphasbeenaceasele
3、sssourceofjoy,withloveCONTENTSPrefaceix1.Background12.Accumulation93.Productivity194.Innovation345.Interdependence556.Inequality867.InstitutionsandPolitics111Glossary145Notes153References185Index209PREFACEForcenturieseconomistshavebeenpreoccupiedwiththegrowthofnations,andtheyhavestudiedthissubjectc
4、ontinuallysincethedaysofAdamSmith.Thisef-forthasproducedabetterunderstandingofthesourcesofeco-nomicgrowth.Butthesubjecthasprovedelusive,andmanymysteriesremain.Tworecentwavesofresearchhavechangedourviewsonthesubject.Onewavestartedinthemid-1950sandlasteduntiltheearly1970s.Thesecondstartedinthemid-198
5、0sandcontin-uestothisday.Bothledtomajorrevisionsofthetheoryandempiricsofgrowth.Iparticipatedasaresearcherinthesecondwave,andIhavecloselyfolloweditsunfolding.ThisshortbookdescribeswhatIhavelearned.Thisbookprovidesanontechnicaldescriptionofgrowtheco-nomicsinordertoarriveatsummaryconclusionsaboutwhatw
6、eknow,whatwedonotknow,andwhatitisthatweneedtolearninordertoimproveourunderstandingofasubjectthataffects,inmajorways,thewell-beingofbillionsofpeopleacrossthePrefacexglobe.ButinundertakingthisprojectIhadnointentionofwrit-ingasurveyoftheliterature.Thebookpresentsmypersonalviewsandassessmentsandre?ects
7、mypersonalbiases.Ifeelthatitisimportanttopresenttheseresearch?ndingstoabroadaudience,consistingofnotonlyeconomistswithtechni-calexpertisebutalsoothereconomists,socialscientistswhoarenoteconomists,policymake
