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1、ANewMethodforNoiseFigureMeasurementBaseonModernVNALi,YangzheApplicationEngineerApr.14,2015AgendaMeasurenoisefigureBaseonmodernVNAPage2–OverviewofNoiseFigure–NoiseFigureMeasurementTechniques–PNA-X’sUniqueApproachGainSo/NoDUTSi/NiWhyDoWeCareAboutNoise?–Noisecausessyst
2、emimpairments?DegradesqualityofserviceofTV,cellphones?Limitsrangeofradarsystems?Increasesbit-errorrateindigitalsystems–Waystoimprovesystemsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)Q?Increasetransmitpower?DecreasepathlossI?Lowerreceiver-contributednoise?Generallyeasierandlessexpensiv
3、etodecreasereceivernoisethantoincreasetransmittedpowerMeasurenoisefigureBaseonmodernVNAPage3NoiseFigureDefinitionNoisefigureisdefinedintermsofSNRdegradation:(Si/Ni)(No)F==(noisefactor)(So/No)(GxNi)NF=10xlog(F)(noisefigure)GainSo/NoDUTSi/NiTestsystemisassumedtobe50ΩM
4、easurenoisefigureBaseonmodernVNAPage4EffectiveNoiseTemperature–Availablenoisepowerofapassivetermination=kTB?kisBoltzmann’sconstant(1.38x10-23J/K)?kTB=-174dBmina1Hzbandwidth?Foragivensystembandwidth,noiseisproportionaltotemperature–Amountofnoiseproducedbyadevicecanbe
5、expressedasanequivalentnoisetemperature(e.g.15dBENR→8880K)–Noisefactorcanbeexpressedaseffectiveinputnoisetemperature?Notthephysicaltemperatureoftheinputtermination?TheoreticaltemperatureofinputterminationconnectedtoanoiselessdeviceresultinginthesameoutputnoisepowerT
6、e=290x(F-1)MeasurenoisefigureBaseonmodernVNAPage5EffectiveNoiseTemperatureVersusNoiseFigure1000.00100.00Te(K)10.001.000.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0NF(dB)MeasurenoisefigureBaseonmodernVNAPage6NoiseFigureSeminarImportanceofNoiseFigureAccuracy–R&D–Bettercorrelation
7、betweensimulationandmeasurement–Betteroptimizationoftransmit/receivesystems?Improvedmeasurementaccuracyresultsinsmallerguardbands?TighterspecificationsonLNAmeanslower-powertransmitamplifiersRPULSEDCOBAMPREDRIVERPOWERDUPLEXFAMPHOPPBTxORFANTENNAPFTRANSMITTER/PRFPulseE
8、XCITERSTALGeneratorModulatorReceiverOProtectionDigitalSignalRadarDataProcessorProcessorM(rangeandDopplerFFT)(trackingloops,etc.)MILNAFrequ
