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1、文藝復興時期威廉·莎士比亞WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)AsthespokesmanofEnglishRenaissance,WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoetstheworldhaseverknown.Withhis38plays,154sonnetsand2longpoems,hehasestablishedhisgiantpositioninworldliterature.Hamlet,thesummitofShakespea
2、re’sart,istheprofoundestexpressionofhishumanismandhiscriticismofcontemporarylife.弗朗西斯·培根FrancisBacon(1561-1626)AsarepresentativeoftheRenaissanceinEngland,BaconwasthefounderofmodernscienceofEnglandandthefirstEnglishessayist.Hisessayscoverawidevarietyofsubjects.Theyhavewonpopu
3、larityfortheirprecision,clearness,brevityandforce.OfStudiesisthemostpopularofBacon’s58essays.Forcefulandpersuasive,compactandprecise,OfStudiesrevealstousBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning.埃德蒙·斯賓塞EdmundSpencer(1552-1599)Spencerwasrecognizedasthe“Poet’spoet”byhiscontemporari
4、esandhadgreatinfluenceonanumberofgreatEnglishpoetsinthelatercenturies.Hisgreatestwork,TheFaerieQueene,waswritteninSpenserianstanza,whichwasapopularverseforminventedbyhim.Theprincipleintentionistopresentthrougha“historicalpoem”theexampleofaperfectgentleman.浪漫主義時期威廉·布萊克William
5、Blake(1758-1827)BlakeisregardedasaPre-RomanticoraforerunneroftheRomanticpoetryofthe19thcentury,whoproclaimedthesupremacyoftheimaginationovertherationalismandmaterialism.InhismasterpieceSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience,theworldisseenfromachild’spointofview,butthepoemsalso
6、functionasparablesofadultexperience.威廉·華茲華斯WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)WilliamWordsworthwastheleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry.Hispoemsaremainlyaboutthebeautyofnatureanditsrelationshipwithallhumanbeings.Hisbest-knownworkLyricalBalladsmarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticrev
7、ivalinEngland.ItsprefaceservedasthemanifestooftheEnglishRomanticmovementinpoetry.He,togetherwithColeridgeandSouthey,hasoftenbeenmentionedasthe“LakePoets”.拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛默生RalphWaldoEmerson（1803-1882）EmersonwasthechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism,whichisunanimouslyagreedt
8、obethesummitoftheromanticperiodinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Hegreatlyin
