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1、SectionThreeGovernmentandPoliticsAmericanDreamLiberty&EqualityI.BasisoftheU.S.PoliticalTheory(governmentprinciples)First,thesupremacyofthepeopleandpopularconsent贊成,embodiesJohnLocke’sideathatsovereignty主權(quán)(supremepower)didnotresideinthestatebutwiththepeople.p.sJohnLocke’sidea:allthepe
2、opleareborngood,independent,andequal.Second,federalism聯(lián)邦制andseparationofpowers（checksandbalance).EachAmericanissubjectto從屬于2governments,TheFederalgovernmentandThestategovernment,&eachhasitsowndistinctfunction.Thisdivisionofpowersbyaconstitutionbetweenthecentralgovernmentandstategover
3、nmentsiscalledfederalism聯(lián)邦制.TheFederalgovernment（central,ornational)atWashingtonisconcernedwithforeignaffairs&withmattersofgeneralconcerntoallthestatesincludingcommerce貿(mào)易betweenthestates.Thestategovernmenthas,undertheConstitution,theprimaryfunctionsofprovidinglaw&order,education,publ
4、ichealth&mostofthethingswhichconcernday-to-daylife.Infact,theFederalgovernmenthasbeenactiveinthefieldsofsocialservices,education,researchofmanykinds,&theordinaryproductiveprocesses.Third,thegovernmentshouldhaveadequate足夠的powersforachievingitsappropriate適當(dāng)?shù)膒urpose.Undertheprincipleofs
5、eparationofpower,thefederalgovernmentaswellasthestategovernmentisdividedintothreebranches:thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial.TheThreeBranchesofGovernmentThelegislativebranchrepresentedbyCongressTheexecutivebranchrepresentedbythePresidentThejudicialbranchrepresentedbytheSupreme
6、CourtChecksandBalancesTheLegislativeBranch----CongressTheConstitution憲法ThesystemofgovernmentislaiddownintheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,whichwasframedinPhiladelphiain1787andratified批準(zhǔn)in1789.Americanconstitutioniscalled“alivingconstitution”,inthatamendments修正canbeaddedtoit.TheTwoPrin
7、ciplesofConstitutionThefederalsystem--meaningthereisadivisionofpowersbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestategovernment.TheSeparationofpowers.--meaningthereisalsoadivisionofpowersamongthethreebranchesofthefederalgovernment.FatheroftheBillofRights/Constitution----JamesMadisonThefunction
8、softheU.S.Co
