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1、第27卷第6期水土保持學(xué)報(bào)Vo【_27NO.62013年12月JournalofSoi1andWaterConservationDec.。2O13坡度對(duì)片麻巖坡面土壤侵蝕和養(yǎng)分流失的影響張佳琪,王紅。,代肖,周大邁(1.河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,河北保定071000;2.河北省山區(qū)研究所,河北保定0710O0;3.國(guó)家北方山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)研究中心,河北保定071001;4.河北省山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)研究中心,河北保定071001)摘要:通過(guò)室內(nèi)模擬降雨試驗(yàn),研究不同降雨強(qiáng)度下,不同坡度片麻巖坡面土壤侵蝕和養(yǎng)分流失特征。結(jié)果表明:初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間與坡度之間呈明顯的負(fù)相關(guān);不同坡度對(duì)坡面產(chǎn)流率產(chǎn)沙
2、率變化過(guò)程影響不大。通過(guò)比較不同坡度片麻巖坡面(5。,15。,25。)在降雨強(qiáng)度分別為60rnm/h和80mm/h時(shí)的產(chǎn)沙量,發(fā)現(xiàn)坡度對(duì)坡面產(chǎn)沙的貢獻(xiàn)率相對(duì)較小,分別為0,16.3和8.1,而雨強(qiáng)因子在坡面侵蝕產(chǎn)沙中占主導(dǎo)作用。在相同降雨條件下,15。坡面上徑流深度、累積產(chǎn)沙量和養(yǎng)分流失量均表現(xiàn)為最大,即片麻巖坡面的徑流流失在15?!?5。間存在臨界坡度。片麻巖坡面氮、磷、鉀的流失主要以泥沙結(jié)合態(tài)為主,尤其是磷和鉀的流失,鉀的累積流失量最大,其次是氮,磷流失量最小。關(guān)鍵詞:坡度;片麻巖;徑流;泥沙量;養(yǎng)分流失量中圖分類號(hào):s157.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1009—2242(2013)06
3、—0001-05EffectofSlopeGradientontheSurfaceErosionandNutrientLossinSlopingGneissAreaZHAHGJia—qi,WANGHong'。一,DAIXiao,ZHOUDa—mai'。'(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentScience,AgriculturalUniversityoJHebei,Baoding,Hebei071000;2.MountainousAreaResearchInstitute,Baoding,Hebei071000;3.NationalEngineeringRes
4、earchCenterforAgriculturalinNorthernMountainousAreas,B。og'Hebei071000;4.AgriculturalEngineeringTechnologyResearchCenteroy、HebeiProvince,Baoding,Hebei071000)Abstract:Indoorrainfallexperimentwasconductedtoevaluatetheeffectsofslopegradientandrainfallinten—sityonthesurfacesoilandnutrientlossingneissare
5、a.Resultsshowedthattheinitialtimeofrunoffgenera—tionwassignificantlynegativelycorrelatedtotheslopegradient,whereaslittleeffectofslopegradientontherateofflowandsedimentyieldwasfound.Comparisonoftheeffectsofslopegradients(5。,15。,25。)andrainfal1intensities(60mm/hand8Oram/h)ontheerosionandsedimentyield
6、sindicatedthattheslopingsur—faceerosionandsedimentyieldweremainlydominatedbytherainfallintensity,whereasrelativelysmallcon—tributionbyslopegradientswasobtained,whichwere0,16.3and8.1,respectively.Meanwhile,lar—gestsedimentyieldandnutrientlosswerefoundattheslopegradientof15。,indicatingacriticalslopeb
7、e—tween15。and25。valueforgneissicslopingsurface.Inaddition,thenutrientlossfromgneissareawasmain—lyintheformofsedimentcombinationstateespeciallyforphosphorusandpotassium。thecumulativelossofpotassiumwasthelarg