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1、一.不定式做賓語:1.it作形式賓語:find(think,keep,make...)+it+adj.+(forsb)+todosth.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語且過長時(shí)常用it作形式賓語,而讓真正的賓語——不定式斷后。例如:Themandownstairsfoundithardtofallasleep.2.不定式直接做動(dòng)詞賓語:want(forget,remember,like,love,hate,continue,begin,start,hope,wish....)+todosth.Iforgottoturnoffthelightslastnig
2、ht.二:不定式做主語:1.It做形式主語,不定式做真正的主語:?1)Itis(was)+adj.+(forsb)+todosth.???It'sverydangerousforchildrentoplaywithfire.?2)Ittakes(took,willtake)sbsometime+todosth.???Itwilltakemethreedaystofinishreadingthebook.2.不定式直接做主語:Toplayfootballinthestreetisverydangerousforchildren.三.不定式做表
3、語:Mydutyistolookafterthekidswell.四.不定式做定語:作定語時(shí),不定式(短語)常置于被修飾的名詞、不定代詞等之后。例如:Ihave?lotsofthingstodotoday.Wouldyouliketogivemesomethingtoeat?[提示]如果不定式(短語)是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞/副詞。例如:Ifoundaniceplaceforhimtolivein.Pleasegivemesomepaper(pens)?towriteon(with).五.不定式做狀語:1.不定式(短語)常跟在com
4、e,go,run,hurry等動(dòng)詞后作目的狀語;或以“inorderto+動(dòng)詞原形”、“soasto+動(dòng)詞原形”等形式出現(xiàn),或回答what...for?/why...?問句。例如:-Hi,Peter!Whyareyouinsuchahurry?-Tocatchthe7:30train.[提示]有時(shí)目的狀語可置于句首,意為“為了……”,相當(dāng)于inorderto.例如:Tocatchthebus,youmustgetupearly.在stop后的動(dòng)詞不定式其實(shí)是作目的狀語,意為“停下來做另一件事”。例如:Let’sstoptohaveameal
5、.Iknowagoodrestaurantnearhere.2.作結(jié)果狀語的不定式常以“enoughto...,onlyto...,too...to...”等形式出場(chǎng),并能簡化成so...that...句式。例如:LiuMeiwassoluckythatshereceivedmanybooksfromProjectHope.LiuMeiwasluckyenoughtoreceivemanybooksfromProjectHope.六.不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語:1.用做make,let,have等使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語,省去不定式符號(hào)to.make(
6、let/have)sbdosth.Don'tlethergotherealone.2.用做see,lookat,listento,hear,watch,notice等感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語,亦省去不定式符號(hào)to.Ioftenhearagirlplaytheviolinintheevening.3.用做want,like,tell,ask,order,wish....的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),不能省去不定式符號(hào)to.Theteachersoftentellustostudyhardatschool.七.其它用法:1.小品詞to的回避與復(fù)出許多動(dòng)詞如tea
7、ch,ask(要;讓),tell,beg等后常有帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ);但let,have,make(讓;使),feel,hear等后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu),to要回避。但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里to須“重出江湖”;help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式可加to,也可省略to.例如:Thepolicemanmadetheyoungwomanmovehercar.Theyoungwomanwasmadetomovehercarbythepoliceman.[提示]對(duì)不定式進(jìn)行否定可在其前加not.如:letsbnotdosth;tellsbnottodosth.把直接引
8、語為祈使句的句子變?yōu)殚g接引語,直接引語一般轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式作賓補(bǔ)。例如:Thepolicemansaid.“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet,children