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1、第一課(第9頁(yè))2.漢翻英1.機(jī)械工業(yè)用于制造產(chǎn)品的材料,可以分為金屬材料、聚合物、陶瓷和復(fù)合材料。Thematerialsusedformanufacturingproductscanbedividedintofourcategories:metallics,polymerics,ceramicsandcomposites.2.金屬可以分為有色金屬和黑色金屬。Metallicscanbeclassifiedintonon-ferrousandferrousmetallics.3.塑料可以分為熱固性塑料和熱塑性塑料。Plasticscabbegroupedintothermosets(t
2、hermosettingplastics)andthermoplastics.4.復(fù)合材料可以由兩種或兩種以上性質(zhì)不同的材料組合,保留各自的特點(diǎn),得到單一材料無(wú)法比擬的、優(yōu)越的綜合性能。Acompositeconsistsoftwomorekindsofdifferentmaterials,witheachmaterialkeepingitsownproperty,togetthesuperiorsynthetical(combined)performancewhichisunparalled(unmatched)bythatoftheindividualmaterial.5.當(dāng)其所處的
3、工作環(huán)境變化時(shí),智能材料能改變其性能、顏色和形狀等。Anintelligentmaterialcanchangeitsproperty,color,shapeandsoonwhenitsworkingenvironmentchanges.第二課(第17頁(yè))2.漢翻英1.材料的特性可分為物理特性和化學(xué)特性兩大類(lèi)。Thepropertiesofamaterialcanbedividedintotwomaingroups:physicalandchemicalproperty.2.塑性材料在拉伸載荷的作用下應(yīng)力達(dá)到屈服強(qiáng)度時(shí),產(chǎn)生塑性變形。Whenthestressofamaterialund
4、ertheactionoftensileloadreachesyieldstrength,itwillproduceplasticdeformation.3.除軟鋼等材料有明顯的屈服點(diǎn)外,合金鋼和有色合金等塑性材料無(wú)明顯的屈服點(diǎn)。Exceptthatmaterialssuchasmildsteelhaveobviousyieldingpoint,plasticmaterialssuchasalloysteelandnon-ferrousalloyshavenoobviousyieldingpoint.4.脆性材料拉伸時(shí),以抗拉強(qiáng)度為極限應(yīng)力,壓縮時(shí)以抗壓強(qiáng)度為極限應(yīng)力。Whenabrit
5、tlematerialisstretched,thetensilestrengthisusedasitsultimatestress,andwhenthematerialiscompressed,compressivestrengthisusedasitsultimatestress.5.蠕變是指材料在恒定溫度和恒定應(yīng)力的長(zhǎng)期作用下,隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)會(huì)緩慢的發(fā)生塑性變形的現(xiàn)象。Creepisreferredtothephenomenathatunderthelong-timeactionofconstanttemperatureandload,thematerialwillslowlypr
6、oduceplasticdeformationwiththeextensionoftime.第五課(第39頁(yè))2.漢翻英1.將金屬?gòu)牡V石中分離出來(lái)的過(guò)程叫冶煉。Theprocessinwhichmetalisseparatedfromoreiscalledsmelting.2.幾乎所有的黑色金屬中都含有碳。Almostalltheferrousmetallicscontaincarbon.3.影響鑄件質(zhì)量的因素很多。Thefactorsthataffectthequalityofacastingarenumerous.4.通常認(rèn)為金屬鑄造是藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的結(jié)合。Itisusuallybeli
7、evedthatmetalcastingisacombinationofartandscience.5.熔模鑄造具有很多獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Investmentcastinghasmanypeculiaradvantages.第六課(第45頁(yè))2.漢翻英1.今天,在鍛造工藝中,金屬的成形并非總是采用加熱和鍛打的方法。Today,inforgingprocess,metalformingdoesnotalwaysusethemethodofh