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1、語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題六-----情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、主謂一致情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、一般疑問(wèn)句中幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的問(wèn)與答1.NeedI/he/…?Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)2.MustI/he/…?No,you/he/…needn’t/don’t(doesn’t,won’t)haveto.(不用mustn’t)3.MayI/he/…?No,you/he/…mustn’t.(少用maynot)4.Could(Can)you…?Yes,Ican(不用could)5.ShallI/she/he…?No,you(she,he)needn’t/can
2、’t/mustn’t二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“推測(cè)”1.can,may,must使用的句式:1)肯定陳述句中:must表“肯定、必定、一定”意,may/might表“也許,或許”意。2)否定陳述句中:can’t/couldn’t表“不可能”意,maynot/mightnot表“也許不、可能不”意。3)疑問(wèn)句中:只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。注意:表推測(cè)的could,might并不是指過(guò)去時(shí)間,而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情況。2.對(duì)目前狀態(tài)的推測(cè):1)must/may/might/can/could+b
3、e+表語(yǔ)例如:Shemustbeateacher.她肯定是老師。Shecan’t/couldn’tbeadoctor.她肯定不是醫(yī)生。Hemaynot/mightnotbeadoctor.他可能不是醫(yī)生。2)must/may/might/can/could+一些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belongto等)例如:Shemusthaveherowncar,forshehasalotofmoney.Thatkindofbirdmayliveinthevalleys.3.對(duì)目前
4、正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè):句式:must/may/might/can/could+bedoing例如:Theymustbewaitingforus.他們肯定正在等我們。Shemay/mightbedoingherhomework.她可能正在做作業(yè)。Can/Couldhebeplayingfootball?他會(huì)正在踢足球嗎?4.對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè):句式:must/may/might/can/could+havedone例如:There’snoligntintheroom.Theymusthavegonetobed./Sheknowsn
5、othingaboutthefilm.Shecan’t/couldn’thaveseenit./Can/Couldhehavebeenadoctor?/Hemay/might(not)havebeenateacher./TheymusthavebeenwatchingTVatninelastnight./Can/CouldshehavestayedinBeijinglastyear?注意:willhavedone句式也可表“肯定/可能已經(jīng)…”推測(cè)意。例如:Hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematics,for
6、heknowsalotaboutit.他肯定/可能學(xué)過(guò)高等數(shù)學(xué),因?yàn)樗麑?duì)此懂得很多。三、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”用法1.should/oughtto+havedone,意“本應(yīng)該…”,含有責(zé)備或后悔意。例如:Youshouldhavecomeherealittleearlier./Ioughttohavesenthimtoschool./2.shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+havedone,意“本不應(yīng)該”,含有責(zé)備或后悔意。例如:Youshouldn’thavewateredtheflower./Ioughtn’tto
7、havescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.3.mighthavedone,意“過(guò)去可能做”;couldhavedone意“本能夠做”,兩者都含有委婉批評(píng)或遺憾之意,也可表對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。例如:HemighthavegonetoNanjingwithProfessorWang.lastweek,buthewasill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的,可他病了。Wecouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.我們本來(lái)是能夠提前完成工作的。四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在反意疑問(wèn)句中的用法1.“肯定祈
8、使句+附加問(wèn)句”結(jié)構(gòu),附加問(wèn)句常用will/would/won’tyou形式。6例如:Standstill,will/would/won’tyou?2.“否定祈使句+附加問(wèn)句”結(jié)構(gòu),附加問(wèn)句常用will/wouldyou