定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

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1、復(fù)合句【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句加一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句所構(gòu)成的句子。從句只用作句子的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，可分為名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句三類(lèi)。（一）名詞性從句名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有連接詞that、if、whether；疑問(wèn)代詞who、what、which和疑問(wèn)副詞when、where、how、why等。1.名詞性從句句法結(jié)構(gòu)：從屬連詞thatwhether主語(yǔ)從句Thathewillcomeiscertain.（that不可?。￤hethersheiscomingorn

2、otdoesn’tmattertoomuch.（不能用if）賓語(yǔ)從句Ithink（that）hewillbeallrightinafewdays.Iwentinandaskedif（=whether）theyhadacheapsuit.Iwonderwhether（不能用if）itistrueornot.表語(yǔ)從句Thefactis（that）Ihaveneverbeenthere.Thequestioniswhether（不能用if）itisworthdoing.同位語(yǔ)從句Thefactthatshehadnotsaidanythings

3、urprisedallofus.Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.連接代詞thatwhowhomwhosewhich主語(yǔ)從句Whowillhelphimisnotknown.Whathesaidisveryimportant.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.賓語(yǔ)從句（1）作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如：Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.Doyouknowwho/whomtheyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosedic

4、tionaryitwas.Hecan’ttellwhichmethodtheywillusefortheexperiment.（2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如：Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwonderedtowhomhehadgiventheletter.表語(yǔ)從句Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.Thequestioniswhowillcomehere.Thequestioniswhichteamwillwinthematch.連接副詞wherewhenwhyhow主語(yǔ)從句Wheresh

5、ehasgoneisnotknownyet.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.賓語(yǔ)從句Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.Doyouknowwhyhesaidthat?WillyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystati

6、on?表語(yǔ)從句Thatiswherehewasborn.Thisiswhyheislate.Thisishowhedidit.Thequestioniswhenhewillbeback.同位語(yǔ)從句Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.Theproblemiswherewecangetsomuchmoney.2.名詞性從句的其它用法：1）if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who、what、whose、which不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。2）有時(shí)as、asif/though、

7、because也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，能跟表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be、seem、look等。例如：Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事情并不總是像表面上看來(lái)的那樣。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.3）介詞賓語(yǔ)不可以用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而要用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：Wecanlearnwhatwedidnotknow.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.4）連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句除能用在e

8、xcept、but、in后之外很少作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，。其它一些介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步作形式賓語(yǔ)。例如：Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheis