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1、TranslationofNominalClausesEnglishsubordinateclausesareclassifiedintosixgroups,namely,subjectclause,objectiveclause,predicativeclause,appositiveclause,attributiveclauseandadverbialclause.Sincethefirstfourofthemfunctionasnounsinacomplexsentence,theyare
2、generallycallednominalclauses.Inthissectionwearegoingtofindsomespecificmethodsoftranslatingnominalclauses.英語名詞性從句包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句,在翻譯這類從句時,大多數(shù)可以按照原文的句序翻譯成相應(yīng)的漢語,但是也有一些具體的處理方法.A.Subjectiveclauses:Usuallywewouldliketotranslatenounclauseinthesameord
3、er,thatistosay,toremaintheiroriginalposition.例1.Whoevercomestoourlibrarywillbewelcome.(主語從句)什么人到我們圖書館來都?xì)g迎。例2.Howandwhenhumanlanguagedevelopedandwhetheranimalssuchaschimpanzeesandgorillascandevelopamoreelaboratesystemofcommunicationareissuesatpresentbe
4、ingresearched,butasyetlittleunderstood.人類的語言是如何發(fā)展起來的,是什么時候形成的,諸如黑猩猩和大猩猩一類的動物是否會形成一種更加復(fù)雜的交流系統(tǒng),都是現(xiàn)階段人們研究的課題,但對此人們都知之甚少。(主語從句)例3.Howwellthepredictionwillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationuseda
5、ndontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.(主語從句)這些預(yù)測能在多大程度上被后來的成績所證實(shí)取決于所使用的信息的量、可靠性和適合程度,并取決于對信息作出解釋的技能和智慧。Whenitfunctionsasaformalsubject,thesubjectclausemayeitherprecedeorfollowtheprincipleclause.例4.Itisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthebestalternati
6、vecourseofactionbutevenhereitisnecessarytomakesomekindsofselection.(主語從句)人們常說,大量閱讀是可供選擇的最佳方案,但即使在這一方面,也需要某些選擇。例5.例5.Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbynomeansbecomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspeci
7、altraining.(主語從句)許多人認(rèn)為,普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)的思維相比,認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門的訓(xùn)練才能掌握。例6.FromtheendoftheSecondWorldWaruntilveryrecently,itwasgenerallyacceptedinBritainthattheStateshouldprovideafullrangeoffreeeducationalfacilitiesfromnurseryschoolstouniversities.(主語從句)從
8、第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束直到最近,英國人普遍接受這樣一個觀點(diǎn),即:國家應(yīng)該提供從幼兒園到大學(xué)的全方位的免費(fèi)教育設(shè)施。B.ObjectiveClauses:Generallyspeaking,thereisnoneedtochangethepositionoftheobjectclauseintranslation.However,insomecases,when“it”functionsastheformalobjectofacomplexsentence,orsometimes,pre