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1、[英國文學(xué)]?Chapter1??The?Renaissance?period（14世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興??1.Humanism?is?the?essence?of?the?Renaissance.人文主義是文藝復(fù)興的核心。?2.the?Greek?and?Roman?civilization?was?based?on?such?a?conception?that?man?is?the?measure?of?all?things.人文主義作為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因?yàn)楣畔ＥD羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。?3.Renaissance?humanis
2、ts?found?in?then?classics?a?justification?to?exalt?human?nature?and?came?to?see?that?human?beings?were?glorious?creatures?capable?of?individual?development?in?the?direction?of?perfection,?and?that?the?world?they?inhabited?was?theirs?not?to?despise?but?to?question,?explore,?and?enjoy.人
3、文主義者們卻從古代文化遺產(chǎn)中找到充足的論據(jù)，來贊美人性，并開始注意到人類是崇高的生命，人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及享受。?4.Thomas?More,?Christopher?Marlowe?and?William?Shakespeare?are?the?best?representatives?of?the?English?humanists.托馬斯.摩爾，克利斯朵夫.馬洛和威廉.莎士比亞是英國人文主義的代表。?5.Wyatt?introduced?the?Petrarchan?sonnet?into?England.懷亞特
4、將彼特拉克的十四行詩引進(jìn)英國。?6.The?first?period?of?the?English?Renaissance?was?one?of?imitation?and?assimilation.英國文藝復(fù)興初期只是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)模仿與同化的階段。?7.The?goals?of?humanistic?poetry?are:?skillful?handling?of?conventions,?force?of?language,?and,?above?all,?the?development?of?a?rhetorical?plan?in?which?meter,?r
5、hyme,?scheme,?imagery?and?argument?should?all?be?combined?to?frame?the?emotional?theme?and?throw?it?into?high?relief.人文主義詩歌的主要目標(biāo)是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運(yùn)用，語言的力度與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即將格律，韻腳（式），組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)出來。?8.The?most?famous?dramatists?in?the?Renaissance?England?are?Chris
6、topher?Marlowe,?William?Shakespeare,?and?Ben?Jonson.文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國最著名的戲劇家有克利斯朵夫.馬洛，威廉.莎士比亞與本.約翰遜。?9.Francis?Bacon?(1561-1626),?the?first?important?English?essayist.費(fèi)蘭西斯.培根是英國歷史上最重要的散文家。?(I)Edmund?Spenser埃德蒙.斯賓塞?10.?the?theme?of?Redcrosse?is?not“Arms?and?the?man,”but?something?more?romantic-
7、“Fierce?wars?and?faithful?loves.”《仙后》的主題并非“男人與武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“殘酷戰(zhàn)爭與忠貞愛情”。?11.?It?is?Spenser’s?idealism,?his?love?of?beauty,?and?his?exquisite?melody?that?make?him?known?as“the?poets‘poet.”正是斯賓塞的理想主義，對(duì)美的熱愛以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩文韻律是他成為“詩人中的詩人”。?(II)Christopher?Marlowe克利斯朵夫.馬洛?12.?As?the?most?gifted?of?
8、the“U
