資源描述：
《有機化學知識點歸納(二)（knowledge induction of organic chemistry (two)）》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、有機化學知識點歸納(二)（KnowledgeinductionofOrganicChemistry(two)）KnowledgeinductionofOrganicChemistry(two)First,thestructureandpropertiesoforganiccompounds1Definitionsoffunctionalgroups:atoms,clusters,orchemicalbondsthatdeterminethechemicalpropertiesoforganiccompounds.2.Thefunctionalgroups,str
2、ucturalcharacteristicsandmainchemicalpropertiesofcommonorganiccompounds(1)alkane(A)functionalgroup:No;generalformula:CnH2n+2;representation:CH4B)structuralfeatures:thebondangleis109degrees28',andthespaceistetrahedralmolecule.SoarethefourvalencebondsofeachCatominthealkanemolecule.C)ch
3、emicalproperties:Substitutionreaction(withhalogenelements,underillumination),,.......CombustionPyrolysis(2)olefins:A);functionalgroups:Formula:CnH2n(n=2);representative:H2C=CH2B)structuralfeatures:thekeyangleis120degrees.Thecarbonatomofadoublebondiscoplanarwiththefouratomsitconnects.
4、C)chemicalproperties:Additionreaction(withX2,H2,HX,H2O,etc.)Dimerizationreaction(withitself,otherolefins)Combustion(3)alkynes:A)functionalgroups:-C=C-;formula:CnH2n-2(n=2);representative:HC=CHB)structuralfeatures:thebondanglebetweencarboncarbonthreebondandsinglebondis180degrees.Thetw
5、ocarbonatomsareinthesamelineasthetwoatomstheyareconnectedto.(C)chemicalproperties:(omitted)(4)homologuesofbenzeneandbenzene:A)formula:CnH2n-6(n=6);representative:B)structuralfeatures:thebondangleofbenzenemoleculeis120degrees,theplaneregularhexagonstructure,6Catomsand6Hatomscoplanar.C
6、)chemicalproperties:Thesubstitutionreaction(HNO3,H2SO4,andbromine)Additionreaction(withH2,Cl2,etc.)(5)alcohols:A)functionalgroup:-OH(alcoholhydroxygroup);representative:CH3CH2OH,HOCH2CH2OHB)features:hydroxylsubstitutedhydrocarbonmolecules(oralicyclicmolecules,phenylsidechain)producto
7、btainedbyhydrogenatom.Thestructureissimilartothatofhydrocarbons.C)chemicalproperties:ThesubstitutionofahydroxylhydrogenatombyalivingmetalReactionwithhalogenacidCatalyticoxidation(alpha-H)Thecarbonatomdirectlyconnectedwiththefunctionalgroupiscalledalphacarbonatom,andthecarbonatomadjac
8、enttothealph
