外文翻譯---神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述

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1、外文原文與譯文l外文原文NeuralNetworkIntroduction1.ObjectivesAsyoureadthesewordsyouareusingacomplexbiologicalneuralnetwork.Youhaveahighlyinterconnectedsetofsome1011neuronstofacilitateyourreading,breathing,motionandthinking.Eachofyourbiologicalneurons，arichassemblyofti

2、ssueandchemistry,hasthecomplexity,ifnotthespeed,ofamicroprocessor.Someofyourneuralstructurewaswithyouatbirth.Otherpartshavebeenestablishedbyexperience.Scientistshaveonlyjustbeguntounderstandhowbiologicalneuralnetworksoperate.Itisgenerallyunderstoodthatallb

3、iologicalneuralfunctions,includingmemory,arestoredintheneuronsandintheconnectionsbetweenthem.Learningisviewedastheestablishmentofnewconnectionsbetweenneuronsorthemodificationofexistingconnections.Thisleadstothefollowingquestion:Althoughwehaveonlyarudimenta

4、ryunderstandingofbiologicalneuralnetworks,isitpossibletoconstructasmallsetofsimpleartificial“neurons”andperhapstrainthemtoserveausefulfunction?Theansweris“yes.”Thisbook,then,isaboutartificialneuralnetworks.Theneuronsthatweconsiderherearenotbiological.Theya

5、reextremelysimpleabstractionsofbiologicalneurons,realizedaselementsinaprogramorperhapsascircuitsmadeofsilicon.Networksoftheseartificialneuronsdonothaveafractionofthepowerofthehumanbrain,buttheycanbetrainedtoperformusefulfunctions.Thisbookisaboutsuchneurons

6、,thenetworksthatcontainthemandtheirtraining.2.HistoryThehistoryofartificialneuralnetworksisfilledwithcolorful,creativeindividualsfrommanydifferentfields,manyofwhomstruggledfordecadestodevelopconceptsthatwenowtakeforgranted.Thishistoryhasbeendocumentedbyvar

7、iousauthors.OneparticularlyinterestingbookisNeurocomputing:FoundationsofResearchbyJohnAndersonandEdwardRosenfeld.Theyhavecollectedandeditedasetofsome43papersofspecialhistoricalinterest.Eachpaperisprecededbyanintroductionthatputsthepaperinhistoricalperspect

8、ive.Historiesofsomeofthemainneuralnetworkcontributorsareincludedatthebeginningofvariouschaptersthroughoutthistextandwillnotberepeatedhere.However,itseemsappropriatetogiveabriefoverview,asampleofthemajordevelo