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1、TopicPROCSQL1.Introduction2.GeneratereportsusingPROCSQLandtheappropriateoptions3.ConstructsubquerieswithinaPROCSQLstep4.AccessDictionaryTablesusingtheSQLprocedure5.CombiningTablesverticallyusingSetOperationsinPROCSQL6.JoiningTableshorizontally7.CreatingandManagingTablesusingPROCSQL8.CreatingInde
2、xusingPROCSQL9.CreatingMacro10.IntegrityConstraints291.IntroductionSQL,anacronymforStructuredQueryLanguage,isanANSI(AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute)standarddatabaseprogramming/querylanguage.SQLisastandardized,widelyusedlanguagethatretrievesandupdatesdataintablesandviewsbasedonthosetables.PROC
3、SQLcanoftenbeusedasanalternativetootherSASproceduresortheDATAstep.YoucanusePROCSQLto·retrievedatafromandmanipulateSAStables·addormodifydatavaluesinatable·add,modify,ordropcolumnsinatable·createtablesandviews·joinmultipletables(whetherornottheycontaincolumnswiththesamename)·generatereports.1.1Wha
4、tisSQLtable?APROCSQLtableissynonymouswithaSASdatafileandhasamembertypeofDATA.YoucanusePROCSQLtablesasinputintoDATAstepsandprocedures.ArowinatableisthesameasanobservationinaSASdatafile.Acolumnisthesameasavariable.1.2Table-ComparisonofSQLterms,BaseSAS,andDataprocessingterminology:SQLBaseSASDataPro
5、cessing_______________________________________________________________________tableSASdatafilefilerowobservationrecordcolumnvariablefield_______________________________________________________________________1.3WhyuseSQLorlearnit?·Powerful-candomanythings·Flexible-justsaywhatyouwant·Compatible-y
6、oucanusetheSQLyoulearnlaterinotherapplications·Required-forSASadvancedprogrammer291.4SASDataStepandSQLSASSQLCreatedatasetCreatetablesUpdatevaluesUpdatevaluesDeleterecordsDeleterecordsAppendnewrecordsUnion/InsertSortdataSortdataMergedatasetsJointables1.5SQLProcedureCodingConventionsSQLstatementsa
7、redividedintoclauses.Forexample,themostbasicSELECTstatementcontainstheSELECTandFROMclauses.TheSELECTstatement,whichisusedtoretrievedata,alsooutputsthedataautomaticallyunlessyouspecifytheNOPRINToptioninthePROCSQLstatement.Thi
