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1、關(guān)于自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)之會計(jì)確認(rèn)與計(jì)量問題的研究摘要隨著企業(yè)兼并、收購浪潮的涌起,企業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易日益活躍,在產(chǎn)權(quán)交易轉(zhuǎn)讓過程中,商譽(yù)日益成為會計(jì)理論界研究的前沿問題。商譽(yù)作為企業(yè)的無形資產(chǎn),在數(shù)量上日益巨大,對企業(yè)而言有著至關(guān)重要的作用。在工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代,傳統(tǒng)會計(jì)模式及慣例并未對自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)和計(jì)量,但隨著知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的到來,企業(yè)(特別是高新技術(shù)企業(yè))總資產(chǎn)中自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)的比重越來越大,對企業(yè)未來財(cái)務(wù)狀況的影響也越來越深刻。本文針對現(xiàn)有會計(jì)制度不確認(rèn)自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)的現(xiàn)狀,闡述了確認(rèn)自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)的必要性和可能性,以及其確認(rèn)步驟,并且提出了運(yùn)用概率理論的未來超額收益法對自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)進(jìn)行計(jì)量。關(guān)
2、鍵詞:自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)確認(rèn)計(jì)量17TheResearchontheAccountingAcknowledgementandMeasurementofInternallyGeneratedGoodwillABSTRACTWithenterpriseannexationandpurchasingwave,thetransactionsofpropertyrightofenterprisesareactivedaybyday.Duringthecourseofthetransactionsofpropertyright,thegoodwillbecomestheforw
3、ardpositionquestionoftheaccountingtheorycircleresearchinggradually.Thegoodwillisregardedasthenon-physicalassetsoftheenterprise,itisenormousdaybydayonquantity,astoenterprisesthisisimportant.Intheindustrialeconomyera,internallygeneratedgoodwillisnotacknowledgedormeasuredintraditiona
4、laccountingparadigmandpractice.Withtheadventoftheknowledge-basedeconomy,however,internallygeneratedgoodwillrepresentsagrowingshareinthetotalassetsoffirms,especiallyhigh—techfirms,bringingaboutincreasinginfluenceontheirfuturefinancialpositions.Inviewofthepresentsituation,thispapers
5、etsforththenecessityandpossibilitytoacknowledgeinternallygeneratedgoodwill,anditsacknowledgestepfromsuchperspectives,andfurtherproposedtouseprobabilitytheorytofutureexcessrevenuemethodmeasureinternallygeneratedgoodwil1.Keywords:internallygeneratedgoodwillacknowledgementmeasurement
6、17關(guān)于自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)之會計(jì)確認(rèn)與計(jì)量問題的研究TheResearchontheAccountingAcknowledgementandMeasurementofInternallyGeneratedGoodwill會計(jì)02乙02312227張XX一、導(dǎo)論(一)研究緣起和文獻(xiàn)綜述無論是國際會計(jì)原則委員會(IASC)、美國財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(FASB),還是我國的會計(jì)原則委員會,目前均規(guī)定:企業(yè)只需對外購商譽(yù)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)和計(jì)量,對自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)不作任何處理。根據(jù)財(cái)務(wù)會計(jì)概念公告(簡稱SFAC)NO.5提出的4條會計(jì)確認(rèn)的基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn):可定義性、可計(jì)量性、相關(guān)性、可靠性,可以看出
7、自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)之所以沒有被確認(rèn)為資產(chǎn),在于自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)的不可計(jì)量性和不可靠性。事實(shí)上,正是作為會計(jì)信息質(zhì)量兩大質(zhì)量特征之一的可靠性束縛了自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)的確認(rèn),因?yàn)榭煽啃栽瓌t直接引申出了會計(jì)上占統(tǒng)治地位的歷史成本原則和穩(wěn)健的會計(jì)處理原則。在這兩個(gè)原則下,自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)明顯不能進(jìn)行確認(rèn)。但我們應(yīng)當(dāng)看到會計(jì)環(huán)境在不斷的變化,會計(jì)反映的對象和會計(jì)反映的手段亦在不斷的變化。就商譽(yù)而言,隨著知識經(jīng)濟(jì)的到來,企業(yè)投資傾向于無形化,其實(shí)物資產(chǎn)占企業(yè)總資產(chǎn)的比重在不斷下降,相應(yīng)無形資產(chǎn)的比重在不斷上升,自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)在企業(yè)中的地位也越來越重要,因此受到越來越多的重視,所以商譽(yù)的確認(rèn)和計(jì)量問題則成為會計(jì)
8、核算中的一大難題,尤其是自創(chuàng)商譽(yù)是否予以確認(rèn)成為爭論的焦點(diǎn)。隨著企