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1、JournalofManufacturingSystems30(2011)234–240ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofManufacturingSystemsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jmansysTechnicalpaperAnewapproachtoschedulinginmanufacturingforpowerconsumptionandcarbonfootprintreductionKanaa
2、b,?bFang,NelsonUhan,FuZhao,JohnW.SutherlandaSchoolofIndustrialEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USAbSchoolofMechanicalEngineeringandDivisionofEnvironmentalandEcologicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USAarticleinfoabstractArticlehistor
3、y:Manufacturingschedulingstrategieshavehistoricallyemphasizedcycletime;inalmostallcases,energyReceived12July2011andenvironmentalfactorshavenotbeenconsideredinscheduling.Thispaperpresentsanewmathemat-Receivedinrevisedform3August2011icalprogrammingmodelofthe?owsh
4、opschedulingproblemthatconsiderspeakpowerload,energyAccepted5August2011consumption,Availableonline1September2011andassociatedcarbonfootprintinadditiontocycletime.Thenewmodelisdemonstratedusingasimplecasestudy:a?owshopwheretwomachinesareemployedtoproduceavariety
5、ofparts.Keywords:Inadditiontotheprocessingorderofthejobs,theproposedschedulingproblemconsiderstheoperationspeedSchedulingasanindependentvariable,whichcanbechangedtoaffectthepeakloadandenergyconsump-tion.Evenwithasingleobjective,?ndinganoptimalscheduleisnotoriou
6、slydif?cult,sodirectlyapplyingPeakloadcommercialsoftwaretothismulti-objectiveschedulingproblemrequiressigni?cantcomputationtime.CarbonfootprintThisMakespanpapercallsforthedevelopmentofmorespecializedalgorithmsforthisnewschedulingproblemandexaminescomputationall
7、ytractableapproachesfor?ndingnear-optimalschedules.?2011TheSocietyofManufacturingEngineers.PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionPreviousresearchrelatedtoreducingmanufacturingenergyconsumptionhaslargelycenteredondevelopingmoreenergyef?-Theindus
8、trialsectorcurrentlyaccountsforaboutone-halfofcientmachinesandprocesses[10–14].However,formetalworkingtheworld’stotalenergyconsumption[1],andtheconsumptionofoperations,theam
