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1、PartII ThePeriodofEnlightenmentI.TheEnlightenment(movement)(P29)II.Generalfeaturesofthe18thcenturyliterature(P30-32)III.Literaryfigures1.JonathanEdwards2.BenjaminFranklin3.ThomasPaine4.JohndeCrevecoeur5.PhilipFreneauI.TheEnlightenment(movement)(P29)1.Definition2.TheEighteenthcenturyAmericanthinking
2、:deism(自然神)andPuritanism3.ThehistoricaldevelopmentofNorthAmericaI.TheEnlightenment(movement)(P29)1.Definitiona.themovementofintellectualliberation;inWesternEurope;fromthelate17thcenturytothelate18thcentury(oftencalledtheAgeofReason),especiallyinFrance.b.Theforerunnersinscienceandphilosophy:Bacon,De
3、cartes,NewtonandLockeanditculminatedwiththewritingsofJean-JacquesRousseauandthephilosophyofImmanuelKant,andthepoliticalidealsoftheAmericanandFrenchRevolutions.FranklinandThomasPaineareregardedastherepresentativeEnlightenersinNorthAmerica.FrancisBacon(1561-1626)HeisthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphil
4、osophy（唯物主義哲學(xué)）“Essays”《隨筆集》---“Knowledgeispower”RenéDescartes(1596-1650)Frenchphilosopher;mathematicianandphysicist;OneofthefoundersofmodernWesternphilosophy;Fatherofanalyticgeometry(解析幾何)“我思故我在”(Cogitoergosum)IsaacNewton(1643―1727)Englishscientist;ThreeLawsofMotionTheUniversalLawofGravitationHe(in
5、parallelwithLiebnitz)inventedthemathematicaldisciplineofcalculus(微積分)JohnLocke（1632-1704）Englishphilosopher;ThefounderofEmpiricism(經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義)ThefounderofmodernEmpiricism(thehumanmindbeginsasatabularasa（白板說(shuō)）,andwelearnthroughexperience)SomeThoughtsConcerningEducation(1693).《教育漫話》Jean-JacquesRousseau（1712
6、-1718）1.TheConfessions《懺悔錄》2.èmile《愛(ài)彌兒》3.Discourssurl'origineetlesfondementsdel'inégalité《論人類的起源和不平等》4.TheSocialContract《社會(huì)契約論》ImmanuelKant(1724-1804)oneofthemostinfluentialphilosophersinthehistoryofWesternphilosophyoneofhismostimportantworks,TheCritiqueofPureReasonEmpiricismRationalismhttp://www.i
7、ep.utm.edu/k/kantmeta.htmPartII ThePeriodofEnlightenmentc.Itscentralidea:needandthecapacityofhumanreasontoclearawayancientsuperstition,prejudice,dogmaandinjustice.Enlightenmentthinkingencouragedrationalscie
