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1、不定式作定語的用法不定式及其短語作定語,與其他短語作定語一樣,一般都放在被修飾的詞之后,通常表示一個將來的動作,有時也可以表示某一過去的特定動作。???一些名詞后常用不定式作定語,如:chance(機(jī)會),way(方法),time(時間)等;另外,the?first,the?second,the?last,the?only等作名詞或者它們作形容詞用來修飾代詞,它們或它們所修飾的代詞后,也常用不定式作定語。不定式作定語時,不定式與被修飾詞之間存在的關(guān)系復(fù)雜,有的是主謂關(guān)系;有的是動賓關(guān)系;有的是動
2、狀關(guān)系,還有的不存在主謂、動賓、動狀關(guān)系。1、主謂關(guān)系的(1)We?must?find?a?person?to?do?the?work.??????(2)??There?is?no?one?to?take?care?of?her.??????(3)??In?my?family,my?mother?is?always?the?first?one?to?get?up.??????(4)??He?is?always?the?first?to?come?and?the?last?to?leave.???
3、???(5)??We?need?someone?to?go?and?get?a?doctor.?????2、動賓關(guān)系的??如果不定式與被修飾的詞在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系,不定式里的動詞必須是及物動詞。注意:是及物動詞的,后面不要再加賓語,因為前面的被修飾詞是它的賓語;是不及物動詞的,要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞讓它變成及物動詞,只有這樣,它才能帶上前面的賓語。(1)?He?has?a?lot?of?books?to?read.(2)???I?would?like?a?magazine?to?look?at
4、.(3)???Here?is?some?advice?for?you?to?follow.(4)???Do?you?have?anything?else?to?say?(5)???There?is?no?one?to?take?care?of.(6)???She?has?nothing?to?worry?about.3、動狀關(guān)系的?被修飾詞如果是不定式里動詞的狀語,應(yīng)多用介詞短語。由于被修飾詞前沒有介詞,所以只能在不定式里的動詞后加介詞。(1)Please?give?me?some?paper?
5、to?write?on.??(2)??Let"s?find?a?room?to?put?these?things?in?(3)?I?have?no?house?to?live?in.??(4)??He?has?no?pen?to?write?with.(5)??There?are?five?pairs?to?choose?from.4、不存在主謂、動賓、動狀關(guān)系的??被修飾詞與不定式里的動詞不存在主謂、動賓、動狀關(guān)系的,被修飾詞多是些抽象名詞。?????(1)I?have?no?time?to?
6、go?to?the?movie.(2)There"s?no?need?to?send?for?a?doctor.?(3)??Where"s?the?best?place?to?meet??(4)??Is?that?the?way?to?do?it?(5)?I"m?not?sure?about?his?ability?to?complete?the?task?alone.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語狀語的用法?現(xiàn)在分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。現(xiàn)在分詞用定語時相當(dāng)于一個定語從句;作狀語表示時間、原因、條件等時
7、相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。然而,我們在使用現(xiàn)在分詞時應(yīng)注意兩方面的問題。一、作定語現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語時,應(yīng)注意下列三點:1.現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作是一先一后發(fā)生而不是同時發(fā)生時,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,應(yīng)使用定語從句表示。如:(誤)Theteachercriticizedthestudenthavingbrokenthewindow.(正)Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbr
8、okenthewindow.(誤)Doyouknowanyonehavinglostacar?(正)Doyouknowanyonewhohavelostacar?2.being可用狀語或補(bǔ)語,但不可作定語。如:(誤)Anybodybeingoutsideafterteno’clockwillbecriticized.(正)Anybodywhoisoutsideafterteno’clockwillbecriticized.3.表示經(jīng)常性或已完成的非進(jìn)行動作的時候,不用現(xiàn)在