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1、TheOverflowingBrainThispageintentionallyleftblankTheOver?owingBrainInformationOverloadandtheLimitsofWorkingMemoryTorkelKlingberg,MD,PhDProfessorofCognitiveNeuroscienceKarolinskaInstituteStockholmBrainInstituteStockholm,SwedenTranslatedbyNeilBetteridge120091OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,pu
2、blishesworksthatfurtherOxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation.OxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithof?cesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGre
3、eceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamCopyright?2009byTorkelKlingbergPublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.
4、Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataKlingberg,Torkel,1967-[?versv?mmad
5、ehj?rnan]Theover?owingbrain:informationoverloadandthelimitsofworkingmemory/TorkelKlingberg.p.;cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN:978-0-19-537288-51.Humaninformationprocessing—Physiologicalaspects.2.Short-termmemory—Physiologicalaspects.3.Attention—Physiologicalaspects.4.
6、Cerebralcortex—Growth.5.Neuroplasticity.I.Title.[DNLM:1.Memory.2.Attention.3.MemoryDisorders—pathology.4.NeuronalPlasticity—physiology.BF371K654o2009]BF444.K55132009153—dc222008014273987654321PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperToHannahandLinneaThispageintentionallyleftbla
7、nkAcknowledgments■Iwouldliketothankallmyfriendsandcolleagueswhohaveread,commentedupon,anddiscussedtheearlydraftsofthisbook.ThanksalsotoTobiasNordqvist,myeditoratNaturochKultur,whogavememuchconstructivefeed-back,andLenaForssénandLotteMj?bergatNaturochKultur.Jan-EricGustafssonandMagnus