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1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞I.要點(diǎn) 助動(dòng)詞本身無意義,在句中幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成一定的時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)、語氣,或是幫助構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句,常用的助動(dòng)詞有be,do,have,shall(should),will(would). 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表一定的詞義,本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),而僅僅表達(dá)說話人的態(tài)度,它在句中須和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語,主要的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,oughtto,need,dare,shall,should,will,would.1、can能,可以,表說話人同意,許可還可表客觀條件許可如:Youcangonow. 提建議或請(qǐng)求時(shí)可
2、用canI,canyou表客氣,如CanIbuyyouadrink? can和beableto表能力時(shí)的區(qū)別?!an表一般具有的能力,beableto表在特定條件下的能力,如:Althoughthedriverwasbadlyhurt,hewasabletoexplainwhathadhappened. 2、may?。?)、可以,表說話人同意,許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。Youmaygo. (2)、(現(xiàn)在和將來)可能,也許,只用于肯定句和否定句中,如:Hemaynotberight. 3、must,haveto must表主觀上的必須,haveto表客觀上的必須,如:It'sget
3、tinglate.Ihavetogo.-MustIgonow.-Yes,youmust. (No,youneedn't./No,youdon'thaveto.) 4、need,dare這二詞有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞兩種詞性,如用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式todo,如用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。NeedIgonow?--Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.) 5、shall用于第一人稱疑問句中表說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求,如,Shallwebeginourlesson? 用于二、三人稱陳述句,表說話人命令、警告、允諾、威脅等口吻,如:Youshallfailif
4、youdon'tworkharder. 6、should表應(yīng)該,意為有責(zé)任,有義務(wù)。如:Weshouldtryourbesttomakeourcountrymorebeautiful. 7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算,如"Willyoulendmeyourbook?""Yes,Iwill.", 8、shouldhavedone表應(yīng)該做而未做 musthavedone表對(duì)過去事實(shí)的肯定推測 couldhavedone表本可以做某事 9、判斷句:肯定句用must,否定句用can't,不太肯定用may,might Hemustbeintheofficenow. He
5、musthavegonetobed,forthelightisout. Hecan'tbeintheoffice.Heisathome. Hecouldn'thavecleanedtheclassroom,becausehedidn'tcomeheretoday. Hemightbeintheoffice,Iamnotsure. Hemighthavecleanedtheroom,Isuppose.II.例題 例1,They_______towalkinthestreetatmight. A.didn'tdare B.notdared C.notdare D.darednot
6、 解析,該題答案為A,此空需選一動(dòng)詞作謂語,因?yàn)楹竺媸莟owalk,didn'tdare是行為動(dòng)詞dare過去時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式?!±?,Whenhewasveryold,Mr.Smith_______sitforhourswithoutsayingaword. A.would B.should C.must D.used 解析,該題答案為A,would此處表過去的傾向性,習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,意為"總是"如:Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummer.