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1、基于Lawden方程的衛(wèi)星編隊(duì)隊(duì)形設(shè)計(jì)和控制研究(申請(qǐng)清華大學(xué)工學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文)培養(yǎng)單位:航天航空學(xué)院學(xué)科:力學(xué)研究生:崔海英指導(dǎo)教師:李俊峰教授二○○五年十月基于Lawden方程的衛(wèi)星編隊(duì)隊(duì)形設(shè)計(jì)和控制研究崔海3英SatelliteFormationDesignandControlBasedonLawden’sEquationsDissertationSubmittedtoTsinghuaUniversityinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementforthedegreeofDoctorofEngin
2、eeringbyCuiHaiying(Mechanics)DissertationSupervisor:ProfessorLiJunfengOctober,200514摘要摘要編隊(duì)飛行衛(wèi)星具有巨大的口徑或測(cè)量基線,在電子偵察、立體成像、精確定位、氣象測(cè)量等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域具有無法比擬的突出優(yōu)勢(shì)。本論文基于Lawden方程對(duì)衛(wèi)星編隊(duì)飛行中的隊(duì)形設(shè)計(jì)和隊(duì)形控制問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地研究。在建立Lawden方程的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了方程的模型誤差。由于建立方程過程中的近似處理破壞了地球引力場(chǎng)是中心力場(chǎng)的性質(zhì),從而導(dǎo)致了Lawden方程解的誤差。在計(jì)算衛(wèi)星能量變
3、化率分析模型誤差的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了通過約束相對(duì)軌跡的大小和隊(duì)形持續(xù)時(shí)間來控制模型誤差的方法,從而保證設(shè)計(jì)和控制精度?;贚awden方程研究了圓參考軌道和橢圓參考軌道的編隊(duì)隊(duì)形設(shè)計(jì)方法。分析了圓參考軌道的相對(duì)軌跡特點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)四種典型編隊(duì)形式及其應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)、分析和仿真;并通過引入相角的概念,給出了圓參考軌道多星編隊(duì)隊(duì)形的簡(jiǎn)便設(shè)計(jì)方法。對(duì)橢圓參考軌道的三種編隊(duì)形式及其應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)、分析和仿真,編隊(duì)相對(duì)軌跡的形狀與主星軌道偏心率和初始真近點(diǎn)角密切相關(guān)。研究了基于Lawden方程進(jìn)行編隊(duì)隊(duì)形保持控制的方法。建立了編隊(duì)隊(duì)形保持控制系統(tǒng)
4、模型,并對(duì)編隊(duì)飛行衛(wèi)星的相對(duì)攝動(dòng)進(jìn)行了分析和簡(jiǎn)化。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)編隊(duì)隊(duì)形保持的控制策略進(jìn)行了研究,通過合理的選擇加權(quán)矩陣,控制推力在約束范圍內(nèi),即用無約束的線性二次型優(yōu)化方法解決有控制約束的優(yōu)化問題。利用開環(huán)和閉環(huán)相結(jié)合的控制方法對(duì)衛(wèi)星編隊(duì)隊(duì)形重構(gòu)控制問題進(jìn)行了研究,提出了基于路徑規(guī)劃和路徑跟蹤的編隊(duì)隊(duì)形重構(gòu)控制方法。在求解滿足Lawden方程、采用連續(xù)小推力電推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)、避免星間碰撞等約束的兩點(diǎn)邊值問題基礎(chǔ)上,得到能量最省的最優(yōu)重構(gòu)軌跡。然后基于線性伺服器工作原理設(shè)計(jì)控制律,跟蹤優(yōu)化軌跡。關(guān)鍵詞:衛(wèi)星編隊(duì)飛行;Lawden方程;相對(duì)軌
5、跡;隊(duì)形保持;隊(duì)形重構(gòu)14AbstractAbstractTheformationflyingsatelliteshavelargeapertureorlongbaselineandhenceforthsignificantpracticalvalueinmanyfieldssuchaselectronicreconnaissance,three-dimensionalimaging,preciseorientation,atmospheresurveyandsoon.Inthisdissertation,thesatellitefo
6、rmationdesignandcontrolbasedonLawden’sequationsarestudiedsystematically.ThemodelerrorisinvestigatedstartingwiththeestablishmentofLawden’sequations.ThesimplificationonwhichLawden’sequationsaresetupviolatesthetruththattheearthgravityfieldisacentricforcefieldandcausestheso
7、lutionerroroftheequations.Onthebasisofcalculatingthechangerateofthesatellites’energyandanalyzingthemodelerror,amethodtoguaranteethedesignandcontrolprecisionispresentedbyconstrainingthesizeoftherelativetrajectoryandformation-keepinginterval.Theformationdesignmethodforcir
8、cularandellipticreferenceorbitbasedonLawden’sequationsisresearched.Byanalyzingthefeaturesoftherelativetrajecto