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1、WhatdoyouknowaboutJackLondon?JackLondon(1876-1916)JackLondon’sLifeJackLondonwasoneofthemostarticulateandmilitantspokesmenoftheworkingclassattheturnofthecentury.Hisrisetopopularityintheearly20thcenturywasinawaymeteoric.HewasbornJohnGriffithChaneyinSanFranciscoonJanuary12,1876,theillegitimatesonofasel
2、f-taughtmanandaneccentric(古怪的)woman.Hegrewupinextremepovertyasastreeturchinalongthewater-frontwherehebeganatanearlyagetoindulgehisboundlessappetiteforadventure.Beforehewastenyearsold,hehadtoworkbeforeandafterschoolandevenonweekendsinordertosupportthefamily.Attheageof13,hetookajobinacannery,andatthea
3、geof15hewasthecaptainofanoysterpirateboat.Hesupportedhimselfwithmenialanddangerousjobs,experiencingthestruggleforsurvival.Helivedonthefringesofsocietyuntilhewasseventeen.In1893hebecameasailor.Forthenextfouryearsheworkedhiswayaroundtheworld.Helearnedthejunglelawofnature,thesurvivalofthestrongandthede
4、athoftheweak.HewanderedhiswayacrosstheUnitedState,evenbegginghisfoodfromdoortodoor.Determinedtogetaneducation,hewenttohighschoolattheageofnineteen,enteredpreparatoryschool,andthenspendasemesterasaspecialstudentattheUniversityofCaliforniain1896.Hehadtodropoutafterafewmonthstomakemoneyforthefamily.But
5、hereadextensivelybyhimself.InfluencedbyMarxismandDarwinism,andalsobyNietzsche(尼采)'sviewofsuperman,Londonbelievedbothinthesuccessoftheworkingclassandinthesurvivalofthestrongest.HealsolearnedpracticalknowledgeinbetweenjourneysasatrampandparticipationintheKlondikegoldrushin1897.Hefailedtofindgold,butth
6、eexperiencebecamearichsourceforhisliterarycreationlater.LiteraryCareerLondonsoldhisearlystoriestotheOverlandMonthlyintheWestandtheAtlanticMonthlyintheEastin1899,andpublishedhisfirstcollectionofstories“TheSonoftheWolf”in1900.Fromthenonhemadehislivingbywriting,thoughhismanuscriptswereoftenrejectedbyed
7、itors,andhewassometimeswithoutmoney.Yetheforcedhimselftowriteathousandwordsaday,andcompletedmorethanforty-ninevolumesaltogetherinhislife.In1903hewrote“TheCalloftheWild”,anall-timebestseller.Thisbookma