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1、1883-DialecticsofNature-IndexFrederickEngels'DialecticsofNatureTableofContents1.Preface,byJ.B.S.Haldane1.Introduction2.Dialectics3.BasicFormofMotion4.TheMeasureofMotion-Work5.Heat6.Electricity7.DialecticsofNature-Notes8.TidalFriction,KantandThomson-TaitontheR
2、otationoftheEarthandLunarAttraction9.ThePartPlayedbyLabourintheTransitionfromApetoMan10.NaturalScienceandtheSpiritWorldAppendices1.NotestoAnti-Dühring2.SourceReferences3.BibliographyTranscribed1998/2001forMEIAbyslr@marx.org,jjazz@hwcn.org.MarxEngelsArchive
3、Pr
4、efacehttp://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883/don/index.htm[06/06/200216:25:59]1883-DialecticsofNature-PrefaceEngels'DialecticsofNaturePrefaceMARXISMhasatwo-foldbearingonscience.InthefirstplaceMarxistsstudyscienceamongotherhumanactivities.Theyshowhowth
5、escientificactivitiesofanysocietydependonitschangingneeds,andsointhelongrunonitsproductivemethods,andhowsciencechangestheproductivemethods,andthereforethewholesociety.Thisanalysisisneededforanyscientificapproachtohistory,andevennon-Marxistsarenowacceptingpart
6、sofit.ButsecondlyMarxandEngelswerenotcontenttoanalysethechangesinsociety.Indialecticstheysawthescienceofthegenerallawsofchange,notonlyinsocietyandinhumanthought,butintheexternalworldwhichismirroredbyhumanthought.Thatistosayitcanbeappliedtoproblemsof"pure"scie
7、nceaswellastothesocialrelationsofscience.ScientistsarebecomingfamiliarwiththeapplicationofMarxistideastotheplaceofscienceinsociety.Someacceptitinwholeorinpart,othersfightagainstitvigorously,andsaythattheyarepursuingpureknowledgeforitsownsake.Butmanyofthemareu
8、nawarethatMarxismhasanybearingonscientificproblemsconsideredoutoftheirrelationtosociety,forexampletotheproblemsoftautomerisminchemistryorindividualityinbiology.AndcertainMarxistsareinclinedtoregardthestudyofsuchscientificandphilosophicalproblemsasunimportant.
9、YettheyhavebeforethemtheexampleofLenin.In1908theRussianRevolutionhadfailed.Itwasnecessarytobuilduptherevolutionarymovementafresh.Leninsawthatthiscouldonlybedoneonasoundtheoreticalbasis.So
