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1、2.9*10^4噸/年正戊烷換熱器的設(shè)計目錄1.1概述·····························21.2任務(wù)安排···························41.3確定物性數(shù)據(jù)·················································41.3.1確定流體流動空間·········································41.3.2計算流體的定性溫度，確定流體流動的物性數(shù)據(jù)···············41.4初選換熱器規(guī)格·····················
2、···························51.4.1初選換熱器規(guī)格···········································61.4.2核算總傳熱系數(shù)··········································61.4.3計算壓強(qiáng)降··············································71.4.4核算總傳熱系數(shù)………………………………………………………71.5結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計··········································
3、············8141.5.1列管式換熱器概述·······································81.5.2傳熱管排列和分程方···································101.6總結(jié)表························································161.6.1工藝設(shè)計匯總表············································161.6.2設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計···························
4、···················171.6.3主要零部件匯總表··········································181.1概述換熱器按用途不同可分為加熱器、冷卻器、冷凝器、蒸發(fā)器、再沸器、過熱器等。依據(jù)傳熱原理和實現(xiàn)熱交換的方法可分為間壁式、混合式、蓄熱式三類。14在換熱器中至少要有兩種溫度不同的流體，一種流體溫度較高，放出熱量；另一種流體則溫度較低，吸收熱量。完善的換熱器在設(shè)計或選型時應(yīng)滿足以下各項基本要求。（1）合理地實現(xiàn)所規(guī)定的工藝條件 傳熱量、流體的熱力學(xué)參數(shù)（溫度、壓力、流量、相態(tài)等）與物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)（
5、密度、粘度、腐蝕性等）是工藝過程所規(guī)定的條件?！ 。?）安全可靠 換熱器是壓力容器，在進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度、剛度、溫差應(yīng)力以及疲勞壽命計算時，應(yīng)遵照我國《鋼制石油化工壓力容器設(shè)計規(guī)定》與《鋼制管殼式換熱器設(shè)計規(guī)定》等有關(guān)規(guī)定與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。（3）有利于安裝、操作與維修 直立設(shè)備的安裝費往往低于水平或傾斜的設(shè)備。設(shè)備與部件應(yīng)便于運輸與裝拆，在廠房移動時不會受到樓梯、梁、柱的妨礙，根據(jù)需要可添置氣、液排放口，檢查孔與敷設(shè)保溫層。（4）經(jīng)濟(jì)合理 評價換熱器的最終指標(biāo)是：在一定的時間內(nèi)（通常為1年）固定費用（設(shè)備的購置費、安裝費等）與操作費（動力費、清洗費、維修費等）的總和
6、為最小。在設(shè)計或選型時，如果有幾種換熱器都能完成生產(chǎn)任務(wù)的需要，這一指標(biāo)尤為重要?！ ?.2任務(wù)安排1.處理能力：2.9*10^4噸/年正戊烷2.設(shè)備形式：立式列管冷凝器3.操作條件(1)正戊烷：冷凝溫度51.7℃冷凝液于飽和溫度下離開冷凝器41.7℃（2）冷卻介質(zhì)：井水，入口溫度25℃，出口溫度33℃（3)允許壓強(qiáng)降：不大于10^5Pa(4)每年330天計，每天24小時連續(xù)4.設(shè)計項目(1)設(shè)計方案簡介：對確定的工藝流程及換熱器型式進(jìn)行簡要論述。14(2)換熱器的工藝計算：確定換熱器的傳熱面積。(3)換熱器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計。(4)主要輔助設(shè)備選型。
7、(5)繪制換熱器總裝配圖。1.3確定物性參數(shù)1.3.1確定流體流動空間根據(jù)換熱器流體流經(jīng)選擇原則：(1).飽和蒸汽宜走管間，以便于及時排走冷凝液，且蒸汽較潔凈，它對清洗無要求；(2)被冷卻的流體宜走管間，可利用外殼向外的散熱作用，增強(qiáng)冷凝效果；(3)黏度大的的液體或流量較小的流體宜走管間，因流體有折流擋板的殼程流動時，由于流速和流向的不斷改變，在低Re下即可達(dá)到湍流，以提高對流傳熱系數(shù)。綜合上述原則，對本次設(shè)計：冷卻水走管程，正戊烷走殼程1.3.2計算流體的定性溫度，確定流體流動的物性數(shù)據(jù)兩流體在定性溫度下的物性參數(shù)如下：物料溫度密度粘度比熱容導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)
8、℃kg/m^3Pa·sKJ/（kg·℃）W/（m·℃）正戊烷51.759618.0×10^(-
