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1、非謂語動詞與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動詞1.概念:是動詞的非謂語形式,在句中不可單獨作謂語,且不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制。一個完整的句子一般只有一個謂語動詞,卻可以有一個或多個非謂語動詞,譬如:Afterwaitingsometimeatthebus-stop,aforeignerwearingablueshirtwentacrossthestreettobuyanewspaper.謂語動詞只起動詞的作用,非謂語動詞卻同時起兩種作用,如,waiting:v+n;wearing:v+adj;tobuy:v+adv.謂語動詞必須有主語,非謂語動詞可以沒有主
2、語,如,Swimmingisagoodsport./It’sgoodtowork.。2.類別:不定式,-ing分詞,-ed分詞一、不定式1.不定式做主語1)位于句首Toknowthebasicrulesisveryimportant.Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.2)由It作形式主語,系動詞be或其他動詞連接ItisagreatpleasuretointroduceMr.Hutoyou.Itisimportantforustotellthetruth.Ittookusfivedaystofinishtheta
3、sk.Itmademehappytofindyouthere.2.不定式做主語補語1)主語和補語都是不定式,一個表條件,一個表結(jié)果。Toseeistobelieve.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.2)主語是以抽象名詞,如:aim,mistake,ambition,duty,idea,intention,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組,或者是以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句,后面的不定式說明名詞的內(nèi)容。Mymistakeistohavewrittenthelett
4、er.WhatIwouldsuggestistohanditintothepolice.注意:如果作主語的名詞性分句中有“do”,作主語補足語的不定式中的to可以省略。Allyoudidwasputthebookinawrongplace.WhatIreallywanttodoisburntheoilallnight.TheleastIcandoismakeaconclusionaboutwhatallhavereported.Shecandoanythingbutdance.3.不定式作賓語1)只能帶to的不定式作賓語的動詞,如:affor
5、d,agree,aim,apply,claim,decide,determine,pretend,promise,seek,manage,offer,swear,threaten,desire,choose….2)動詞+疑問詞+不定式,這類動詞有:decide,learn,remember,findout,think,understand…疑問詞有:what,where,who,when,how,whether,which…Idon’tknow——whattodo/wheretogo/whentostop/howtogetthere/whic
6、honetotake.3)當做賓語的不定式有自己的補語時,先用it代替,并將不定式放在補語后面。Ithinkitimportanttotellhimthenews.Iregarditagreathonortohelpothers.4.不定式作賓補1)動詞+賓語+不定式這類動詞主要有:(1)表感官的,如:see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe等,省去to.(注意:變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時,要加上to)Ifeltsomeonecomebehindus.(2)表使役的,如:have,let,make,ask,allow,beg,d
7、rive,encourage,expect,urge,tell,permit….(3)表心理狀態(tài)的,如:consider,believe,think,prove,know,feel,imagine,suppose….Weconsiderhim(tobe)modest.5.不定式作狀語1)表目的Heusesatypewritertowriteletters.Inordertomakeastudyofthekangaroo,hecametoAustralia.Toconcealmyemotion,Iburiedmyfaceinmyhands.2)
8、表結(jié)果So…asto…,/such…asto…./,enoughto…./,onlyto…./.too…to等結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表結(jié)果。Thehouseissohigh