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1、Pharmacologicaltreatmentofacute&chronicRhinitisRHINITISAninflammation&swellingofmucousmembraneofthenose???????????????????????????????????????????????????????SymptomsofRhinitisRunnynose,sneezing,itchynose/eyes&stuffiness??????CausesofRhinitisMostcommonCold&allergies----Attackmaybeprecipitatedbyinh
2、alationofanallergen(dust,pollen,animaldander)TypesofRhinitisAcuteRhinitisShortlived??????????????;resultsfromviralinfections+othercauses(allergies)Symptoms=runnynose,sneezing,congestion,postnasaldrip,cough&lowgradefeverCont…ii)ChronicRhinitisLong-standingUsuallyoccurwithchronicsinusitis(chronicrhi
3、nosinusitis)ChronicrhinitisisusuallyanextensionofrhinitiscausedbyinflammationoraninfectionItmayalsooccurwithdisease(syphilis??????,tuberculosis,leishmaniasis?????????????????????&rhinosporidiosis???????)PathogenesisofAllergicRhinitisTreatmentofRhinitis??????????????????????Non-pharmacologicalthera
4、pyAvoidanceofirritantsDusting/vacuuming???;washingofbedsheetsIntakeoffluidsRestSurgeryCont….Pharmacologicaltherapy1-Antihistamines(H1receptorantagonists)2-?-Adrenergicagonists3-Corticosteroids4-Cromolyn?????????????????(??????????????????????)5-Antibiotics(notrelievesymptomsofallergicrhinitis)Anti
5、histaminesAgentsblocktheactionsofhistamineClassicalantihistamines=H1receptorantagonistsHistamineBiologicallyactiveaminefunctionsasneurotransmitter;Synthesizedfromhistidine???????????Distributedinmastcells,basophils,neuronsofbrain,cellsofstomachHistaminereceptorsThreetypesH1-receptors=Smoothmuscles
6、,endothelialcellsofbloodvessels&brainH2-receptors=Parietalcellsofstomach,heartmuslces,mastcells,brainH3-receptors(presynaptic)=brain,myenteric??????????????plexus????????????ofGIT,otherneuronsEffectsofhistamineCVSHeartStimulation(H2)=dilatationofarterioles&precapillarysphincters???????????(???????
7、????????????????????)SBP+DBP(?heartrate;decreaseB.PGITAcidproduction?(stimulationofH2)+?intestinalsecretionContractionofsmmuscles(H1receptorstimulation)Respiratorytract????????????????????????????????????Bronchoc
