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1、Inaworldasfast-changingandfullofinformationasourown,閱讀理解答案 閱讀理解Inaworldasfast-changingandfullofinformationasourown,allofusneedtoknowhowtolearnwell.Yetevidencesuggeststhatmostofusdon’tusethelearningtechniquesthatsciencehasprovedthemosteffective. Thescientificlit
2、eratureevaluatingthesetechniquesgoesbacktodecadesandacrossthousandsofarticles.It’sfartooextensiveandcomplexfortheaverageparent,teacheroremployertolookthrough.Fortunately,ateamoffiveleadingpsychologistshavedonethejobforus. ProfessorJohnDunloskyandotherpsychologis
3、tscloselyexamined10learningstrategiesandratedeachfromhightolowutility(實(shí)用)onthebasisoftheevidencethey’vegathered.Here’spartoftheirconclusions: Incontrasttofamiliarpractices,theeffectivelearningstrategieswiththemostevidencetosupportthemaren’twellknownoutsidethelab
4、.Takedistributed(分布式)practice,forexample.Thisstrategyinvolvesspreadingoutyourstudytime,ratherthanengaginginon emarathon.Cramming(死記硬背)informationatthelastminutemayallowyoutogetthroughthattestormeeting,butthematerialwillquicklydisappearfromyourmemory.It’smuchmo
5、reeffectivetolookthroughthematerialatintervals(間隔)overtime. Andthelongeryouwanttoremembertheinformation,whetherit’stwoweeksortwoyears,thelongertheintervalsshouldbe. ThesecondlearningstrategythatishighlyrecommendedbyDunloskyispracticetesting.Yes,moretests---butt
6、herenotforagrade.Researchshowsthatthemereactofcallinginformationtomindstrengthensthatknowledgeandaidsinfutureretrieval(檢索).Whilepracticetestingisnotacommonstrategy---despitethestrongevidencesupportingit---thereisonefamiliarapproachthatcapturesitsbenefits:usingfla
7、shcards.Andnowflashcardscanbepresentedindigitalform.Bothdistributedpracticeandpracticetestingwereratedashaving“highutility”byDunlosky. 24.Howdidthepsychologists studyandratethelearningstrategies A.Byanalyzingthematerialsgatheredinthepastyears. B.Byaskingsom
8、estudentsquestionsabouttheirstudy. C.Bydoingsomeexperimentsontheobjectsinthelab. D.Byaskingparentsandteacherstolookthroughthearticles. 25.Aboutdistributedpr