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1、Unit4SavingtheAmazonTogetherWarmupTellyourclassmates5thingsthatyouknowaboutAmazonanddescribethemindetail.Video:amazonrainforestIntrotoAmazonrainforestTheAmazonrainforest(French:Forêtamazonienne),alsoknowninEnglishasAmazoniaortheAmazonJungle,isamoistbroadleaf（闊葉林）forestthatcoversmostoftheA
2、mazonbasinofSouthAmerica.Thisbasinencompasses7,000,000squarekilometres(2,700,000?sq?mi),ofwhich5,500,000squarekilometres(2,100,000?sq?mi)arecoveredbytherainforest.Thisregionincludesterritorybelongingtoninenations.ThemajorityoftheforestiscontainedwithinBrazil,with60%oftherainforest,followe
3、dbyPeruwith13%,Colombiawith10%,andwithminoramountsinVenezuela(委內(nèi)瑞拉),Ecuador,Bolivia,Guyana(圭亞那),Suriname(蘇里南)andFrenchGuiana(法屬圭亞那).HistoryVideo:thebrutalhistoryofexploringtheAmazonNaturalTherainforestlikelyformedduringtheEocene(始新世)era.Itappearedfollowingaglobalreductionoftropicaltempera
4、tureswhentheAtlanticOceanhadwidenedsufficientlytoprovideawarm,moist(潮濕的)climatetotheAmazonbasin.Therainforesthasbeeninexistenceforatleast55millionyears.SaharaDesertdustwindblowntotheAmazonMorethan56%ofthedustfertilizingtheAmazonrainforestcomesfromNorthernChadintheSaharadesert.Thedustconta
5、insphosphorus(磷),importantforplantgrowth.TheyearlySaharadustreplacestheequivalentamountofphosphoruswashedawayyearlyinAmazonsoilfromrainsandfloods.Upto50milliontonsofSaharadustperyearareblownacrosstheAtlanticOcean.HumanactivityBasedonarchaeologicalevidencefromanexcavation(發(fā)掘)atCavernadaPed
6、raPintada,humaninhabitantsfirstsettledintheAmazonregionatleast11,200yearsago.Subsequentdevelopmentledtolate-prehistoricsettlementsalongtheperiphery(外緣，邊緣)oftheforestbyAD1250,whichinduced(引起)alterationsintheforestcover.BiodiversityWettropicalforestsarethemostspecies-richbiome（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）,andtrop
7、icalforestsintheAmericasareconsistentlymorespeciesrichthanthewetforestsinAfricaandAsia.AsthelargesttractoftropicalrainforestintheAmericas,theAmazonianrainforestshaveunparalleledbiodiversity.OneintenknownspeciesintheworldlivesintheAmazonrainforest.Thisconstitutesthel
