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1、第四節(jié):論文的主要部分:引言(Introduction)引言,前言、導(dǎo)論、導(dǎo)言、序言、緒論、概論…..,整篇論文的引論部分總的要求:Thepurposeofanintroductionistobringthereaderintothegeneralareaofyourstudyandthenstatethespecificareaofstudy(movefromthegeneraltothespecific).Theintroductionshowsthescopeofyourinvestigationefforts.主要內(nèi)容:Background(背景):statement
2、ofgeneralareaorhistoryofproblem,includingpreviousfindings,reportsorstudies.Whatwedon’tknow,Whatdoweknowaboutthesubjects?.Whoelsehasdonewhat?How?Whathavewedonepreviously?Onlyrelevantinformationshouldbeprovided;don’twriteareview引言IntroductionObjective(目的):statementofpurposeofcurrentstudyTheju
3、stificationfortheobjective(意義):statementofimportanceorneed.RationaleandSignificance.Whyyouwanttodoit?Don’trepeatabstract.MakeanappealtogeneralreadersGuidancetothereader(研究問題的具體范圍):whatshouldthereaderwatchforinthepaper?whataretheinterestinghighpoints?whatstrategydidweuse?Statementofspecifica
4、reaofproblemtobestudied.Approacheshowyouaregoingtodoit.Summary/conclusion(結(jié)果):whatshouldthereaderexpectasconclusion?Inadvancedversionoftheoutline.引言的基本要求1)準(zhǔn)確、清楚且簡潔地指出所探討問題的本質(zhì)和范圍,對研究背景的闡述做到繁簡適度。文字不可冗長,內(nèi)容選擇不必過于分散、瑣碎,措詞要精煉,要吸引讀者讀下去。不要與摘要雷同.篇幅大小,并無硬性的統(tǒng)一規(guī)定,長的可達(dá)700~800字或1000字左右,短的可不到100字。(2)在背景介紹
5、和問題的提出中,應(yīng)引用“最相關(guān)”的文獻(xiàn)以指引讀者。重要的參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在引言中有所描述,不貶低已有成果、不夸大自己的成果,注意審稿者、讀者及其他同行的認(rèn)同感。(3)采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞綇?qiáng)調(diào)作者在本次研究中最重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)或貢獻(xiàn),讓讀者順著邏輯的演進(jìn)閱讀論文。(4)解釋或定義專門術(shù)語或縮寫詞,以幫助編輯、審稿人和讀者閱讀稿件。(5)適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂谩癐”,“We”或“Our”,以明確地指示作者本人的工作,敘述前人工作的欠缺以強(qiáng)調(diào)自己研究的創(chuàng)新時,應(yīng)慎重且留有余地。論文中的英語問題英語不是問題認(rèn)真,避免拼寫和語法錯誤認(rèn)真看幾篇類似的好論文但不能照抄別人的表述引言寫作難點(diǎn):1.如何指出當(dāng)前研究的不足以
6、及有目的地引導(dǎo)出自己的研究的重要性敘述了前人成果+However:However,littleinformation(attention..,work...,data,research)orfewstudies(investigations...,researchers...,attempts...)orno/noneofthesestudieshas(have)beendoneon(focusedon,attemptedto,conducted,investigated,studied)(withrespectto)orPreviousresearch(studies,re
7、cords)has(have)failedtoconsider(ignored,misinterpreted,neglectedto,overestimated,underestimated,misleaded),thus,thesepreviousresultsareinconcluisive(misleading,unsatisfactory,questionable,controversial..)orUncertainties(discrepancies)stillexist...一般提出一種新