資源描述:
《定語從句講解》由會員上傳分享,免費在線閱讀,更多相關內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、定語從句一、基本概念:在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。如:Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞;定語從句一般用關系代詞或關系副詞來引導,關系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作從句中的一個成分。引導定語從句的關系代詞有:that,who,whom,whose,which;關系副詞有:when,where,why.二、關系詞的用法:(一
2、)關系代詞的用法:1.作主語用who,which和that,如:Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.2.作賓語用whom,who,which,that,如:Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?注:在非正式文體中,用于指人的關系代詞whowhom,th
3、at通??梢允÷裕谡轿捏w中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的關系代詞which和that在非正式文體中也通常省略,但在正式文體中一般不省略。3.作定語用whose,如:(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.注:“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結構在定語從句中既能作主語(如上a句),又能作賓語(如上b句)。whose的先行詞常用來指人,但有時也可以用來指具
4、體事物或抽象概念,這時可以與ofwhich結構互換,詞序是:“名詞+ofwhich”,如:Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown..(=thebackwallofwhich)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)4.作表語只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時常省略。如:Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongert
5、hedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.(二)關系副詞的用法:1.when指時間,在從句中作時間狀語,它的先行詞通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如:IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?注:when時常可以省略,特別是在某些句型和某些時間狀語中。如:Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohel
6、pus.Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.2.where指地點,在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等,如:Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.注:where有時也可以省略。如:Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.3.why
7、指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.注:why時常也可以省略。如:Thatistherealreasonhedidit.(三)使用關系副詞應注意下列幾點:1.這三個關系副詞在意義上都相當于一定的介詞+which結構:when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如:IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearri
8、ved.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.2.當先行詞是表時間的time,day等和表地點的place,house等時,一定要注意分析從句的結構,如果缺少主語或賓語時,關系詞應該用which或that,缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時,才能用when或where