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1、GrammarAppositive同位語是句子成分的一種,它位于名詞、代詞后面,說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。同位語theAppositive語法精解(一)同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：(1)名詞Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代詞Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)數(shù)詞Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.(4)從句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告訴我飛機爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,th
2、atis引導(dǎo)Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些學(xué)科,例如數(shù)學(xué)和物理,是很難學(xué)的。(6)由of引導(dǎo)ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自從2000年以來,北京市發(fā)生了很大的變化。(7)由or引導(dǎo)Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.結(jié)冰溫度即冰點,是水在常
3、壓下結(jié)冰時的溫度。同位語從句theAppositiveclause(1)同位語從句的定義在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。語法精解(二)它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名詞的后面,對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋,說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that,連接副詞how,when,where,whether等。e.g.Thehopet
4、hathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.⑵同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式:①由that引導(dǎo)Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimeto
5、dotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.②由whether引導(dǎo)
6、Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引導(dǎo)Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.⑶有時可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是說),inotherwords(換句話說),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位語,說明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.Thereisonlyonewayofim
7、provingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.⑷同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:同位語從句與定語從句在使用中常常混淆,我們可以從以下幾個方面區(qū)別它們:①同位語從句說明的名詞大都是抽象名詞;定語從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象的也有不抽象的。WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)Thosewh
8、owanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定語從句)②同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系
