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1、4冶金過程物理化學(xué)4.1冶金過程熱力學(xué)冶金過程熱力學(xué)thermodynamicsofmetallurgicalprocesses統(tǒng)計(jì)熱力學(xué)statisticalthermodynamics不可逆過程熱力學(xué)thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses化學(xué)熱力學(xué)chemicalthernodynamics表面熱力學(xué)surfacethermodynamics合金熱力學(xué)thermodynamicsofalloys冶金熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫thermodynamicsdatabankinmetallurgy系system單元系single-componentsystem多元系mult
2、icomponentsystem均相系統(tǒng)homogeneoussystem廣度性質(zhì)extensiveproperty強(qiáng)度性質(zhì)intensiveproperty過程process等溫過程isothermalprocess等壓過程isobaricprocess等容過程isochoricprocess絕熱過程adiabaticprocess可逆過程reversibleprocess不可逆過程irreversibleprocess自發(fā)過程spontaneousprocess自理過程physicalprocess化學(xué)過程chemicalprocess冶金過程metallurgicalprocess化學(xué)反
3、應(yīng)chemicalreaction化合反應(yīng)combinationreaction分解反應(yīng)decompositionreaction置換反應(yīng)displacementreaction可逆反應(yīng)reversiblereaction不可逆反應(yīng)irreversiblereaction電化學(xué)反應(yīng)electrochemicalreaction多相反應(yīng)multiphasereaction固態(tài)反應(yīng)solidstatereaction氣一金(屬)反應(yīng)gas-metalreaction渣一金（屬）反應(yīng)slag-metalreaction平衡equilibrium化學(xué)平衡chemicalequilibrium相平衡ph
4、aseequilibrium熱力學(xué)平衡thermodynamicequilibrium亞穩(wěn)平衡metastableequilibrium熱力學(xué)函數(shù)thermodynamicfunction偏摩爾量partialmolarquantity總摩爾量integralmolarquantity標(biāo)準(zhǔn)態(tài)standardstate焓enthalpy生成焓enthalpyofformation反應(yīng)焓enthalpyofreaction熵entropy吉布斯能Gibbsenergy生成吉布斯能Gibbsenergyofformation反應(yīng)吉布斯能Gibbsenergyofreaction溶解吉布斯能Gibbs
5、energyofsolution吉布斯能函數(shù)Gibbsenergyfunction化學(xué)位chemicalpotential熱化學(xué)thermochemistry熱效應(yīng)heateffect熱容heatcapacity熔化熱heatoffusion汽化熱heatofvaporization升華熱heatofsublimation相變熱heatofphasetransformation放熱反應(yīng)exothermicreaction吸熱反應(yīng)endothermicreaction赫斯定律Hess’slaw相律phaserule相圖phasediagram一元相圖single-componentphasedi
6、agram二元相圖binary-componentphasediagram三元相圖ternary-componentphasediagram液相線liquidus固相線solidus共晶點(diǎn)eutecticpoint杠桿規(guī)則leverrule溶液solution溶質(zhì)solute溶劑solvent固溶體solidsolution溶液濃度concentrationofsolution摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)molefraction冶金熔體metallurgicalmelt金屬熔體metalmelt(爐)渣,熔渣slag熔鹽moltensalt,fusedsalt理想溶液idealsolution真實(shí)溶液realso
7、lution正規(guī)溶液regularsolution活度activity活度系數(shù)activitycoefficient拉烏爾定律Raoult’slaw亨利定律Henry’slaw純物質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)態(tài)puresubstancestandard質(zhì)量１％溶液標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(態(tài))1mass%solutionstandard無限稀溶液參考態(tài)referencestateofinfinitylydilutesolution相互作用
