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1、——土木工程學(xué)院交通工程專業(yè)中英文翻譯RoadDesign專業(yè)：交通工程———英文原文TheBasicsofaGoodRoadWehaveknownhowtobuildgoodroadsforalongtime.ArchaeologistshavefoundancientEgyptianroadsthatcarriedblockstothepyramidsin4600BCE.Later,theRomansbuiltanextensiveroadsystem,usingthesameprinciplesweusetoday.S
2、omeoftheseroadsarestillinservice.Ifyoufollowthebasicconceptsofroadbuilding,youwillcreatearoadthatwilllast.Thetencommandmentsofagoodroadare:（1）Getwaterawayfromtheroad（2）Buildonafirmfoundation（3）Usethebestmaterials（4）Compactalllayersproperly（5）Designfortrafficloadsan
3、dvolumes（6）Designformaintenance（7）Paveonlywhenready（8）Buildfromthebottomup（9）Protectyourinvestment（10）Keepgoodrecords1．GetwaterawayfromtheroadWecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceofgooddrainage.Engineersestimatethatatleast90%ofaroad’sproblemscanberelatedtoexcesswateror
4、topoorwaterdrainage.Toomuchwaterinanylayerofaroad’sstructurecanweakenthatlayer,leadingtofailure.Inthesurfacelayer,watercancausecracksandpotholes.Inlowerlayersitunderminessupport,causingcracksandpotholes.Acommonsignofwaterinanasphaltroadsurfaceisalligatorcracking—an
5、interconnectedpatternofcracksformingsmallirregularshapedpiecesthatlooklikealligatorskin.Edgecracking,frostheaves,andspringbreakupofpavementsalsopointtomoistureproblems.Topreventtheseproblemsrememberthatwater:?flowsdownhill?needstoflowsomeplace?isaproblemifitisnotfl
6、owingEffectivedrainagesystemsdivert,drainanddisposeofwater.Todothistheyuseinterceptorditchesandslopes,roadcrowns,andditchandculvertsystems.Divert—Interceptorditches,locatedbetweentheroadandhighergroundalongtheroad,keepthewaterfromreachingtheroadway.Theseditchesmust
7、slopesotheycarrywaterawayfromtheroad.Drain—Creatingacrownintheroadsoitishigheralongthecenterlinethanattheedgesencourageswatertoflowofftheroad.Typicallyapavedcrownshouldbe14"higherthantheshoulderforeachfootofwidthfromthecenterlinetotheedge.Forgravelsurfacesthecrowns
8、houldbe12"higherperfootofwidth.Forthisflowpathtowork,theroadsurfacemustberelatively———watertight.Roadshouldersalsomustbeslopedawayfromtheroadtoco
