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1、RTP:ATransportProtocolforReal-TimeApplications1IntroductionThismemorandumspecifiesthereal-timetransportprotocol(RTP),whichprovidesend-to-enddeliveryservicesfordatawithreal-timecharacteristics,suchasinteractiveaudioandvideo.Thoseservicesincludepayloadtypeidentification,sequencenumbering,timestampi
2、nganddeliverymonitoring.ApplicationstypicallyrunRTPontopofUDPtomakeuseofitsmultiplexingandchecksumservices;bothprotocolscontributepartsofthetransportprotocolfunctionality.However,RTPmaybeusedwithothersuitableunderlyingnetworkortransportprotocols(seeSection10).RTPsupportsdatatransfertomultipledest
3、inationsusingmulticastdistributionifprovidedbytheunderlyingnetwork.NotethatRTPitselfdoesnotprovideanymechanismtoensuretimelydeliveryorprovideotherquality-of-serviceguarantees,butreliesonlower-layerservicestodoso.Itdoesnotguaranteedeliveryorpreventout-of-orderdelivery,nordoesitassumethattheunderly
4、ingnetworkisreliableanddeliverspacketsinsequence.ThesequencenumbersincludedinRTPallowthereceivertoreconstructthesender'spacketsequence,butsequencenumbersmightalsobeusedtodeterminetheproperlocationofapacket,forexampleinvideodecoding,withoutnecessarilydecodingpacketsinsequence.WhileRTPisprimarilyde
5、signedtosatisfytheneedsofmulti-participantmultimediaconferences,itisnotlimitedtothatparticularapplication.Storageofcontinuousdata,interactivedistributedsimulation,activebadge,andcontrolandmeasurementapplicationsmayalsofindRTPapplicable.ThisdocumentdefinesRTP,consistingoftwoclosely-linkedparts:[1]
6、.Thereal-timetransportprotocol(RTP),tocarrydatathathasreal-timeproperties.[2].TheRTPcontrolprotocol(RTCP),tomonitorthequalityofserviceandtoconveyinformationabouttheparticipantsinanon-goingsession.ThelatteraspectofRTCPmaybesufficientfor"looselycontrolled"sessions,i.e.,wherethereisnoexplicitmembers
7、hipcontrolandset-up,butitisnotnecessarilyintendedtosupportallofanapplication'scontrolcommunicationrequirements.Thisfunctionalitymaybefullyorpartiallysubsumedbyaseparatesessioncontrolprotocol,whichisbeyondthescopeofthis
