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1、JavaandtheInternetIfJavais,infact,yetanothercomputerprogramminglanguage,youmayquestionwhyitissoimportantandwhyitisbeingpromotedasarevolutionarystepincomputerprogramming.Theanswerisn’timmediatelyobviousifyou’recomingfromatraditionalprogrammingperspective.AlthoughJavaisveryusefulforsolvingtr
2、aditionalstand-aloneprogrammingproblems,itisalsoimportantbecauseitwillsolveprogrammingproblemsontheWorldWideWeb.1.Client-sideprogrammingTheWeb’sinitialserver-browserdesignprovidedforinteractivecontent,buttheinteractivitywascompletelyprovidedbytheserver.Theserverproducedstaticpagesforthecli
3、entbrowser,whichwouldsimplyinterpretanddisplaythem.BasicHTMLcontainssimplemechanismsfordatagathering:text-entryboxes,checkboxes,radioboxes,listsanddrop-downlists,aswellasabuttonthatcanonlybeprogrammedtoresetthedataontheformor“submit”thedataontheformbacktotheserver.Thissubmissionpassesthrou
4、ghtheCommonGatewayInterface(CGI)providedonallWebservers.ThetextwithinthesubmissiontellsCGIwhattodowithit.Themostcommonactionistorunaprogramlocatedontheserverinadirectorythat’stypicallycalled“cgi-bin.”(IfyouwatchtheaddresswindowatthetopofyourbrowserwhenyoupushabuttononaWebpage,youcansometim
5、essee“cgi-bin”withinallthegobbledygookthere.)Theseprogramscanbewritteninmostlanguages.Perlisacommonchoicebecauseitisdesignedfortextmanipulationandisinterpreted,soitcanbeinstalledonanyserverregardlessofprocessororoperatingsystem.ManypowerfulWebsitestodayarebuiltstrictlyonCGI,andyoucaninfact
6、donearlyanythingwithit.However,WebsitesbuiltonCGIprogramscanrapidlybecomeoverlycomplicatedtomaintain,andthereisalsotheproblemofresponsetime.TheresponseofaCGIprogramdependsonhowmuchdatamust21besent,aswellastheloadonboththeserverandtheInternet.(Ontopofthis,startingaCGIprogramtendstobeslow.)T
7、heinitialdesignersoftheWebdidnotforeseehowrapidlythisbandwidthwouldbeexhaustedforthekindsofapplicationspeopledeveloped.Forexample,anysortofdynamicgraphingisnearlyimpossibletoperformwithconsistencybecauseaGIFfilemustbecreatedandmovedfromtheservertotheclientfore
