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1、CounteringRussianSocialMediaIn?uenceElizabethBodine-Baron,ToddC.Helmus,AndrewRadin,ElinaTreygerCORPORATIONPrefaceThisreportdocumentsresearchandanalysisconductedaspartofaprojectentitledCombattingRussianSocialMediaInformationOpera-tionsintheUnitedStates.Thepurposeofthisprojectwastoformulatespecifica
2、ndactionableapproachesandpoliciesforcounteringRussiandisinformationonsocialmediainsidetheUnitedStates.RANDVenturesRANDisaresearchorganizationthatdevelopssolutionstopublicpolicychallengestohelpmakecommunitiesthroughouttheworldsaferandmoresecure,healthierandmoreprosperous.RANDisnon-profit,nonpartisa
3、n,andcommittedtothepublicinterest.RANDVenturesisavehicleforinvestinginpolicysolutions.Philanthropiccontributionssupportourabilitytotakethelongview,tackletoughandoftencontroversialtopics,andshareourfindingsininnovativeandcompellingways.RAND’sresearchfindingsandrecommendationsarebasedondataandeviden
4、ce,andthereforedonotnecessarilyreflectthepolicypreferencesorinterestsofitsclients,donors,orsupporters.FundingforthisventurewasmadepossiblebytheindependentresearchanddevelopmentprovisionsofRAND’scontractsfortheoperationofitsU.S.DepartmentofDefensefederallyfundedresearchanddevelopmentcenters.iiiPref
5、aceiiiFiguresandTableviiSummaryixAcknowledgmentsxvAbbreviationsxviiCHAPTERONEIntroduction1ObjectivesandApproach3CHAPTERTWODisinformationChain7RussianLeadership8OrgansandProxiesofRussia8AmplificationChannels10Consumers11CHAPTERTHREECurrentEffortsandProposedSolutions13CurrentEfforts14ProposedSolutio
6、ns20CHAPTERFOURConclusionsandRecommendations55References59vFiguresS.1.RussianDisinformationChainxi2.1.RussianDisinformationChain7TableS.1.PotentialApproachesbyLinkintheDisinformationChainxiiviixCounteringRussianSocialMediaInfluenceInJanuary2017,theU.S.intelligencecommunityreleasedapublicreportdeta
7、ilingaRussianinfluencecampaign,orderedbyRussianPresidentVladimirPutin,“aimedattheU.S.presidentialelection.”1Partofalargermultifacetedapproach,thiscampaignincludedsocialmedia–baseddisinformationspreadbybothautomat
