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1、GreeceDebtCrisisAbstract：InearlyOctober2009,theGreekgovernmentsuddenlyannouncedthatthe2009governmentbudgetdeficitsandpublicdebtasapercentageofgrossdomesticproductratioisexpectedtoreach12.7%and113%,farexceedingtheEUStabilityandGrowthPactprovidesfor3%and60%limit.InviewoftheG
2、reekGovernment'sfiscalpositionhasdeterioratedsignificantly,theworld'sthreemajorcreditratingagenciesFitch,Standard&Poor'sandMoody'shaveloweredGreece'ssovereigncreditrating,theGreekdebtcrisiskickedoff.KeyWord：GreekdebtcrisisGoldmanSachsEuropeanUnionTheNewYorkManhattanBroadwa
3、yavenue,anewbuildingbrownofficebuildings,inadditiontoaddresshadnootherprominentsymbol,ithas130yearsofhistoryoftheinvestmentbankGoldmanSachsgroupheadquarters,GoldmanSachshaveevensomemysteriouslow-key,andnow,acrisisforthepursuingofonehundredyearsofthespiritofthelowexposurein
4、underglobalfinancialperspective,thisistheGreekdebtcrisisMoreandmorepublicopinioninpointingatGoldmanSachsGreekdebtcrisisintheignoblepartintheGreekcrisisatGoldmanSachsintheuseofcurrencyswapsandcreditdefaultswapcontractstwofinancialtoolsdirectortheGreekcrisisIn2001,Greecejoin
5、edtheeuroisworry,becauseaccordingtothedebtsituationinGreece,Greecedoesnotmeettherequirementsoftheeuro-zonemembers.AccordingtotheMaastrichtTreatysignedinEuropein1992,inordertojointheeuroacountrymustbeamemberoftheEuropeanUnionandbeabletopasseconomictestssetoutbytheMaastricht
6、Treaty.---thebudgetdeficitcannotexceed3%ofthegrossdomesticproductanddebtratiooflessthan60%ofthegrossdomesticproduct.ButthenGreececannotmeetthesetwoconditions.AnamedAntigoneLoudiadisputforwardacomplextradingstrategybehindthescenes,GoldmanSachspushedtothefrontoftheGreekgover
7、nment.GoldmanSachsistheGreektailor-madetoa"currencyswaps"itscoverupasumofupto€1billion第8頁publicdebt,tocomplywiththestandardsofeuroareamemberstates.GoldmanSachsenthusiastichelpsolvetheproblem"isnotwithoutcost,accordingtoEUofficialsrecentlydisclosedfacts,GoldmanSachsin2001fo
8、rtheGreekdevelopmentofthiscomplexarrangements,accesstoamassive$300millionincommissions.As
