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《The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China 英語論文》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫(kù)。
1、TheFourGreatInventionsofAncientChinaIntroductionFourgreatinventionsisaboutChinesehistoryofscienceandtheonepointofview.itispointtotheancientChina'sfourkindsofinventions,isusuallyreferredtopapermaking,compass,powderandmovableprinting.Itistheonethatthefirstp
2、utforwardbyEnglandSinologistNeedhamandforthelatertheChinesegovernmentandmanyChinesehistorianshaveinherited.1.TheFourGreatInventionsGreatinventionsinthehuman'scivilizationoftheimportantpositionleadChinatobecomeoneofthesymbolsofancientcivilization.Ancientti
3、mes,Chinesescienceandtechnologyintheworldinmanywaysoncefrontrow,butthepastgloryhistoryisnotequaltothegloryofnow.Fivecenturieslater,Europeinthefeudalsociety.Inthelongperiodoftime,Chinaesescienceandtechnologyhavebeenabletomoveforward,whileEuropeanscienceand
4、technologyarestagnating.The15and16thcentury,becauseofthecollapseofthefeudalsystemandthecapitalofthesocialistsystemformsgradually.Europe'smodernnaturalsciencebecomestobirth,butbyleapsandbounds,beyondChina,leadtheworld.Sincethen,China'sscientificdevelopment
5、basicallyhasbeenbehindfromwesterncountries.WesternpowersusingChina'sinventionofthepaperandprinting,spreadscientificknowledgeanduniversaleducation.UsingChina'sinventionofthecompassandpowder,exploretheworld.Finally,itcallsdirectlytoChina.Duringtheqingdynast
6、y,itforcesChinesecedeterritoryandpayindemnities,madingChinaasemi-colonialandsemi-feudalcountry.1.1Paper-MakingTechnologyThefourgreatinventionsofgenerationisthepaper-makingtechniquebyintheeasternhandynastyeunuch,CaiLuninventedby,butalsohavethearchaeologica
7、levidence,paper-makingtechniqueintheearlierperiodofexistence,andhewasjustanimprovementoftheimportantpaper,whilelarge-scalecommercialuse.Paper-makingtechniqueofinformationandstoreofknowledgeofthecirculationhasmuchinfluence.Althoughaccordingtoancientbookrec
8、ords,theeasternhandynasty(25into220in)eunuch,CaiLun(63to121)inventedpapermakingprocess,andsetupthepapermakingtheuseofnewmaterials.ButinChinathefillingandpackagingthatoldpaperproducts,suchastianshuiputthehorsebeachpa
