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1、casethenovelistintendstopointouttheprofoundcauseofGatsby’stragedy.Dr.WatsoninthestoriesofSherlockHolmesservesasafoiltothehero,renderingthedetectivesmarterthanhewouldotherwiseappeartothereader.?Bythedegreeoftheirdevelopment,characterscanbegroupedasroundcharactersand?fla
2、tcharacters.ThisdivisionisproposedbyE.MForster.Roundcharactersarefullydevelopedwhileflatcharactersarenot.Orwecansaythatroundcharactersgrowwhileflatcharactersdonot.Usuallythereaderisallowedaccesstotheinnerlifeoftheroundcharacterandpermittedtolearnaboutmanysidesoftheroun
3、dcharacter.Theflatcharacterisa“closed”charactertowhoseinnerthoughtsthereaderisdeniedaccess.Usuallyonesideoftheflatcharacterisshowninthenovel.Mostheroesareroundcharacterswhogrowemotionallyorspiritually.?ChapterThreeTheme?AristotleinPoeticslistssixbasicelementsoftragedy.
4、Melody(song)anddiction(language)fallinthegeneralcategoryofstyle,andspectacleisrelevanttosettinginourdiscussionoffiction.Theotherthreeaspectsaremythosorplot,ethosorcharacter,anddianoia,whichwegenerallytranslateinto“thought”inEnglish.AccordingtoAristotle,plotisthe“soul”o
5、rshapingprincipleorfiction,andcharactersexistprimarilyasfunctionsoftheplot.Inmostofthestories,plotplaystheroleofprincipalstructureofthestory.But,asNorthropFryepointsout,besidestheinternalfictionofthecharacterandhis/hersociety,thereisanexternalfictionconsistingofarelati
6、onbetweenthewriterandthewriter’ssociety.WeindeedhaveliteraryworksbythelikesofShakespeareandHomerinwhichartistryiscompletelyabsorbedintheirinternalcharactersandwecanhardlyperceivetheexistenceoftheauthor.However,assoonastheauthor’spersonalityappearsonthehorizon,arelation
7、withthereaderisestablished,andsometimesthereseemsnostoryatallapartfromwhattheauthorisconveyingtohis/herreader.Inthiscase,theprimaryinterestindianoia,theideaorthoughtthatreadergetsfromthewriter,whichinmoderncriticismwegenerallycall“theme”.?I.WhatIsTheme??Oneofthesafestc
8、ommentstomakeaboutnovelsisonthetheme.Everyoneisentitledtoextractathemebaseduponhisunderstandingofthenovel.Thememaybet
