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1、Unit11TheMedia(3)ThePassiveVoice被動(dòng)語態(tài)Atip:Feedapigandyou’llhaveahog.種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法(B級(jí))學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn):不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)(B級(jí))學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語態(tài)的應(yīng)用(C級(jí))StepI聽寫本課重點(diǎn)單詞和短語(A級(jí))StepII被動(dòng)語態(tài)簡(jiǎn)介(A級(jí))被動(dòng)語態(tài)是英語中的兩大語態(tài)之一,它表示句子主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。只有及物動(dòng)詞和相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語才能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。基本結(jié)構(gòu):被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常在以下情況中使用:1.不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.eg:ItisfoundthatTomwa
2、smurderedandthepolicehastakenactiontolookintothecase.2.沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。eg:Freshfruitissoldinthismarket.3.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,這時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者可以用介詞by引出。eg:ATaleofTwoCitieswaswrittenbyDickens.StepII:A讀一讀,并指出下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)(B級(jí))1.Englishisspokeninmanycountriesallovertheworld.()2.SomeTVsetsforsaleinthedepartmentsto
3、rewerestolenlastnight.()3.Hewon’tbeallowedbyhisfathertomarryLara.()4.Theywouldbesenttothearmywhentheyfinishedthetraining.()5.Theprojectisbeingcarriedout.()6.Thecasewasbeinginvestigated(調(diào)查)then.()7.Thisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.()8.Theysaidthatproductioncostshadbeenr
4、educed.()B:被動(dòng)語態(tài)在不同時(shí)態(tài)中的結(jié)構(gòu)(背一背)(B級(jí))時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)was/weredone一般將來時(shí)isgoingto/will/shall+bedone過去將來時(shí)was(were)goingto/would+bedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havebeendone過去完成時(shí)hadbeendone含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must...+bedoneStepIII:特別注意(B級(jí))1、當(dāng)使役動(dòng)詞have,make,ge
5、t以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號(hào)to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加上不定式符號(hào)to。?Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.有人看見一個(gè)陌生人走進(jìn)了大樓。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句為:動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意2、不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的若干情況■不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),如rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,disappear,last等。如:Afterthefire,nothingremained.那場(chǎng)大火之后,什么也沒
6、留下來了。誤:Afterthefire,nothingwasremained.■不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),如:takeplace,breakout,runout等。如:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1990.自1990年以來這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化.誤:Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceheresince1990.■有的及物動(dòng)詞也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),如cost,leave,enter,reach,suit,have,wish,hold,own,lack,fit,jump,mind等。如:1.Sheent
7、eredtheroomjustnow.誤:Theroomwasenteredbyherjustnow.2.Tomjumpedthequeue.湯姆插隊(duì)。誤:ThequeuewasjumpedbyTom.■有些及物的短語動(dòng)詞也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),如agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,walkinto,belongto等。如:Idon’tagreewithhim.我不同意他的看法。誤:Heisn’tagreedwithbyme.■賓語是反身代詞、相互代詞、同源賓語、不定式、
8、v-ing形式及抽象名詞等,都不能變?yōu)?/p>