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1、土火之藝——館藏歷代陶瓷展覽ExhibitionofPotteryandPorcelainthroughDynasties2009/11/17前言水、土、火的碰撞,產(chǎn)生了絢麗多彩的陶瓷文化。陶器是全人類(lèi)共同擁有的財(cái)富。而瓷器是中華民族對(duì)世界文明的重要貢獻(xiàn),中國(guó)因此而擁有了“瓷之國(guó)度”的美稱(chēng)。早在新石器時(shí)代,我們的祖先就已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)制造和使用陶器。商周時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了原始瓷。成熟的青釉瓷器燒成于一千八百多年前的東漢時(shí)期。經(jīng)過(guò)三國(guó)兩晉南北朝的初步發(fā)展,到了唐宋時(shí)期,我國(guó)的制瓷業(yè)進(jìn)入第一個(gè)發(fā)展高峰。明清時(shí)期,我國(guó)陶瓷業(yè)發(fā)展到了巔峰階段。
2、至少在唐代,我國(guó)已開(kāi)始大量出口陶瓷器。此后歷經(jīng)宋、元、明、清各朝,日益發(fā)展,長(zhǎng)久不衰。從東海和南海通向東亞、東南亞、中西亞、非洲、歐洲以及美洲的各條航線(xiàn),無(wú)不見(jiàn)證了這一輝煌。因此這條海外貿(mào)易通道也被稱(chēng)為“陶瓷之路”。廣東最早的陶器出現(xiàn)在新石器時(shí)代早期。晉代開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)青釉瓷器。唐、宋、元時(shí)期廣東的制瓷業(yè)飛速發(fā)展,并大量輸出國(guó)外。明、清時(shí)期,石灣陶器、廣彩瓷器成為斐聲中外的著名品種。一部中國(guó)陶瓷史,反映的不僅僅是整個(gè)中國(guó)文化史的面貌,而且也書(shū)寫(xiě)了經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易史、工藝美術(shù)史、航海史、對(duì)外貿(mào)易史等方面的華彩篇章。Introductio
3、nCollisionofwater,clayandfiregaverisetocolorfulpotteryandporcelainculture.Potteryisatreasureofhumankind.However,porcelainisanimportantcontributionoftheChinesenationtotheworldcivilization.Chinawonitsnameas"CountryofPorcelain".AsearlyastheNeolithicAge,Chinesepeople
4、hadalreadygottoknowhowtomakeandusepottery.Proto-porcelainhadbeenmadeintheShangDynasty.MaturegreenglazedporcelainwasmadeintheEasternHanDynastyandhadwelldevelopedintheThreeKingdoms,theEasternandWesternJinDynasties,andtheSouthernandNorthernSongDynasties.IntheTangand
5、SongDynasties,Chineseceramicindustryreacheditsfirstpeakofdevelopment.IntheMingandQingDynasties,Chineseceramicindustrydevelopedtoasummitstage.PorcelainhadbeguntoexportintheTangDynasty.IntheSong,Yuan,MingandQingDynasties,largequantitiesofpotteryandporcelainexported
6、fromtheEastSea52andtheSouthChinaSeatoEastAsia,CentralandWestAsia,Africa,EuropeandAmerica,whichwitnessedtheglory.Thereforetheoverseatradelinewasalsonamedas“RoadofPorcelain”.PotterywasfirstmadeinGuangdongintheearlyNeolithicAge.IntheJinDynasty,greenglazedporcelainwa
7、smade.IntheTang,SongandYuanDynasties,ceramicindustrydevelopedwellandexportedtoforeigncountries.IntheMingandQingDynasties,ShiwanpotteryandKwon-glazedporcelainhadenjoyedahighreputationathomeandabroad.AhistoryofChinesepotteryandporcelainreflectsnotonlyanoverviewofcu
8、lturalhistoryofChina,butalsoshowsthehistoryintermsofeconomyandtrade,artsandcrafts,maritime,foreigntradeandsoon制瓷:瓷器是如何制造出來(lái)的1、采泥:制作瓷器的原料主要有瓷土、瓷石、高嶺土、長(zhǎng)石等。瓷土指粉碎瓷石