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1、A.A.LONG1ThescopeofearlyGreekphilosophyUnlikeotherbooksinthisseries,thepresentvolumeisnota"com-panion"toasinglephilosopherbuttothesetofthinkerswhocol-lectivelyformedthebeginningsofthephilosophicaltraditionofancientGreece.Mostofthemwrotelittle,andthesurvivalofwha
2、ttheywroteorthoughtisfragmentary,oftenmediatednotbytheirownwordsbutonlybythetestimonyofAristotle,Theophrastus,andothermuchlaterauthors.Theseremainsareexceptionallypre-ciousnotonlybecauseoftheirintrinsicqualitybutalsoforwhattheyrevealconcerningtheearliesthistoryo
3、fwesternphilosophyandscience.Thefascinationofthematerial,notwithstandingorevenbecauseofitsdensityandlacunartransmission,gripseveryone1whoencountersit.Twoofourcentury'smostinfluentialphiloso-phers,HeideggerandPopper,have"goneback"totheearliestGreekphilosophersinb
4、uttressingtheirownradicallydifferentmethodolo-2giesandpreoccupations.Manyofthesethinkersaresochalleng-ingthatthesmallquantityoftheirsurvivingworkisnoimpedi-menttotreatingeachofthematbooklength.Evenso,therearereasonsbeyondourfragmentarysourcesandconventionalpract
5、iceforpresentingtheseandotherearlyGreekphilosophersinacollec-tivevolume.First,wearedealingwithaneramarkedbythinkerswhowerepro-foundlyinnovatoryandexperimental.Theyoungerofthemdidnotignoretheirpredecessors,andwithinthesixthandfifthcenturiesB.C.(thechronologyofour
6、period)anumberofdistinctmovementsde-velopedwhicharedistinguishablegeographicallyordialectically-theearlyIoniancosmologists,thePythagoreans,theEleatics,theatomists,andthesophists.Yet,thisisnotaperiodofschoolsintheliteralsenseofPlato'sAcademyorAristotle'sLyceum,wi
7、thaCambridgeCompanionsOnline?CambridgeUniversityPress,20062EARLYGREEKPHILOSOPHYformalhead,acurriculum,andanongoingsuccession.MelissuscanbecalledanEleaticorfollowerofParmenides,byvirtueofthecon-clusionsforwhichheargued,butasaSamianadmiralhemayhavehadnopersonalacq
8、uaintancewithParmenides,whoseplaceofbirthandpresumedresidencewasEleainsouthernItaly.ZenoofElea,whomusthaveknownhisfellowcountrymanParmenides,mayhavefol-lowedhimmoreli
